Unit 1 自然环境 Nature Environment: Passage H 2013 届山东省德州市模拟 C

Unit 1 自然环境
Nature Environment
Passage H 2013 届山东省德州市模拟 C
超阅读组张
炜
Pre-reading
Vocabulary
Reading Comprehension
Enhancement
Reading
Pre-reading Vocabulary ComprehensionEnhancement
狮子妈妈在教育自己的孩子：
“ 孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，你要是跑不
过最慢的羚羊，你就会活活饿死。”
Reading
Pre-reading Vocabulary ComprehensionEnhancement
羚羊妈妈也在教育自己的孩子：
“ 孩子，你必须跑得再快一点，再快一点，如果
你不能比跑得最快的狮子还要快，那你就肯定会
被他们吃掉。”
Pre-reading
Vocabulary
Enhancement
Reading
Pre-reading Vocabulary Enhancement
Comprehension
Shake
英 [ʃeɪk] 美 [ʃek]
vt. 动摇；摇动；震动
vi. 动摇；摇动；发抖
n. 摇动；哆嗦
过去式 shook
过去分词 shaken
现在分词 shaking
.
Reading
Comprehension
 mill shake 奶昔
 milk shake 牛奶冰淇淋 ; 香草 ; 柠檬水 ; 奶惜
 Shake Toolbox 摇晃工具箱
 shake hand 握手
 shake frequency 振次 ; 振动频率
 round shake 环裂 ; 裂环
Reading
Comprehension
Shake vt. 摇动
2009 江西卷 C
He can walk, talk, and even shake your

hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help
you defend yourself when you go outside with
him. Every boy needs Electro-Robo!
Reading
Comprehension
Shake off 摆脱
2009 安徽卷 B
In order to express their love for oxen,

people in some other areas will run to shake off
diseases on the 16th day of the first month by
the lunar calendar ( 农历 ), and during their run
they will take their oxen along, which indicates
they regard the creature as human.
Reading
Comprehension
Handshake 握手
2008 安徽卷 B
Have a firm handshake.

Reading
Comprehension
Shrink
英 [ʃrɪŋk] 美 [ʃrɪŋk]
vi. 收缩；畏缩
vt. 使缩小，使收缩
n. 收缩
过去式 shrank 或 shrunk
过去分词 shrunk 或 shrunken
现在分词 shrinking
Reading
Comprehension
 shrink ring 扣环 ; 缩紧环 ; 收缩环 ; 加强环
 Shrink it 缩放它 ; 伸缩自如
 shrink wrapping 收缩裹包 ; 紧缩包装 ; 收缩包装
 shrink back 因害怕而退缩 ; 退缩 ; 收缩 ; 害怕
 Image Shrink 图片缩小 ; 图片缩放 ; 图像缩小
 rope shrink 钢丝绳收缩

Reading
Comprehension
Shrinking adj. 缩小的
2009 年安徽卷 E
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.

More than 25 ％ of the medicines we use today come
from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1 ％ of
rainforest plants have been examined for their medical
value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure
diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking
rainforests.
Reading
Comprehension
Shrink vt. 使缩小，使收缩
2010 年山东卷 D
In the future, they hope to increase the

battery’s power, shrink its size and try with
various other materials.
Reading
Comprehension
Defend
英 [dɪ'fend] 美 [dɪ'fɛnd]
vt. 辩护；防护
vi. 保卫；防守
Reading
Comprehension
 defend title 卫冕
 defend from 防卫 ; 保护
 defend oneself 自卫 ; 申辩 ; 自行辩护 ; 保卫自己
 Defend midfielder 防守型中场
 Base Defend 基地防守
 crouch defend 下蹲防守
 Defend Music 出版者 ; 唱片公司
 Defend London 保卫伦敦

Reading
Comprehension
Defend vt. 辩护；防护
2011 年重庆卷 E
A critical (批判的 ) eye is valuable, and the

media should present information in such a way
that could allow people to make informed
decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible
as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to
defend some special interest.
Reading
Comprehension
Defend vi. 保卫；防守
2007 年湖南卷 D
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes,

even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last
generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who
miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to
be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in
parks use continues across North America,who will
defend parks against encroachment (蚕食 )?”
Reading
Comprehension
Defend vt. 辩护；防护
2011 年山东卷 D
The mosquito and the parasite(寄生虫 ) are the

most deadly couple in the history of the earth—
and one of the most successful. Malaria has five
thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly
to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it
nearly impossible to control.
Reading
Comprehension
Warn
英 [wɔːn] 美 [wɔrn]
vt. 警告，提醒；通知
vi. 发出警告，发出预告
Reading
Comprehension
 warn of 警告 ; 警告某人 ; 警告某人某事 ;
 warn off 告诫离开 ; 告诫
 Quake Warn 地震预警
 Warn identifications 警告标识
 Keep Warn 保暖内衣
 warn that 提出警告……一个相关词组
 They Warn 他们警告

Reading
Comprehension
Warnings n. 警告
2009 福建卷 B
Foreign drivers are rarely charged because

police cannot take action against them if they fail
to appear in court. Instead, officers often merely
give warnings.
Reading
Comprehension
Warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知

2008 年广东卷 A
But family experts warn that the new equality can

also result in less respect for parents. “There’s
still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of
parents out there, but there is a change
happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor
at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that
change, there is a lot of confusion among
parents.”
Reading
Comprehension
Warnings n. 警告
2009 年江西卷 A
Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began

to climb down when, without warning, the box
broke and the old lady fell.
Reading
Comprehension
Ignore
英 [ɪg'nɔː] 美 [ɪɡ'nɔr]
vt. 驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬
过去式 ignored
过去分词 ignored
Reading
Comprehension
 Ignore Pain 忽略痛苦 ; 无视痛楚 ; 无视痛苦 ; 忽略痛

楚
 Ignore Extents 忽略范围 ; 范围忽略
 Ignore all 全部忽略 ; 忽略所有节点 ; 忽略全部 ;
 Ignore worries 挥别忧愁
 Ignore you 不理你 ; 不理你了 ; 忽视你 ; 忽略你
 Ignore him 不理他 ; 别理他

Reading
Comprehension
Ignore vt. 驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬
2012 年北京卷 C
A new review based on a research shows

that acute stress affects the way the brain
considers the advantages and disadvantages,
causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the
possible negative (负面的 ) consequences of a
decision.
Reading
Comprehension
Ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬

2011 年山东卷阅读表达
Do you spend over an hour each day texting

messages to your friends? Do you frequently
ignore work, study, and other activities to check
your phone for messages?
Reading
Comprehension
Ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬
2010 年陕西卷 A
It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is

trained to know what to pay attention to and what to
ignore.
Pre-reading
Vocabulary
Enhancement
Vocabulary Reading Enhancement
Pre-reading
Comprehension
1 Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with

those who try to invade it. Fighting, however, is not often the
best choice, since it uses up a large amount of energy, and
can result in injury or even death. Most animals rely on
various threats, either through sounds or smells. The songs of
birds, the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of
monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances,
advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory
is being approached. Many animals rely on smells to mark
their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.
Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever
meeting with the territory’s defender.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
2 Sometimes, these warnings may be ignored, and an

invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory, or
two animals may meet near the border of their nearby
territories. When the two animals meet, they will generally
threaten each other with visual （视觉的） displays. These
displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up
feathers or fur, or will show off the animal’s weapons. The
animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without
ever actually touching each other. The displays are generally
performed best near the center of an animal’s territory, where
it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating
becomes more of a choice.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
3 Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded

conditions, when resources are not enough. Serious injury
can result, and old or sick animals may die. Leading to a more
balanced population size . Under most natural conditions,
territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy
population. The study of social behaviors such as territoriality
in animals may also help up to understand human society.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
主旨
66. What topic is the passage mainly involved in? 题
A. What animals’ territory is usually alike.
B. How animals deal with different threats.
C. How animals defend their territory.
D. Where animal fights take place frequently.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
主旨题解题技巧——找主旨句
首、尾
转折词：找到后
but 、 however 等同义替换
标点符号：
冒号、引号、破折号等
核心词：找不到
文中反复出现段意归纳总结
题中反复出现
Pre-reading
Comprehension
主旨题错误选项特点：
1 、内容过窄
2 、内容过宽
3 、与文无关
4 、与文相悖
Pre-reading
Comprehension
1 Some animals will defend their 66. What topic is the

territory by fighting with those who try to
passage mainly
invade it. Fighting, however, is not often
the best choice, since it uses up a large involved in? 与文无
amount of energy, and can result in A. What animals’ territory
关
injury or even death. Most animals rely is usually alike.
on various threats, either through sounds 内容过
or smells. The songs of birds, the B. How animals deal with
drumming of woodpeckers and the loud different threats.窄
calls of monkeys are all warnings that
carry for long distances, advertising to C. How animals defend
possible invaders that someone else’s
their territory.
territory is being approached. Many 与文无
animals rely on smells to mark their
territories or leaving droppings around 关
D. Where animal fights
the territories. Other animals will be take place frequently
warned off the territory without ever
meeting with the territory’s defender.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
细节题
67. For most animals, what’s their first response to the
possible invaders to defend their territors.
A. Fighting in groups.
B. Threatening and warning.
C. Escaping before being hurt
D. Asking partners for help.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
细节理解题解题技巧
题文同序
定位
找关键词找对应词：同义替换
一级：大写词、数字、
同根词
时间
同义词
二级：名词
反义词
三级：动词
Pre-reading
Comprehension
细节理解题错误选项特点
1 、张冠李戴
2 、以偏概全
3 、无中生有
4 、偷梁换柱
Pre-reading
Comprehension
关键词
1 Some animals will defend their 67. For most animals, what’s
territory by fighting with those who try to their first response to the
invade it. Fighting, however, is not often possible invaders to defend
the best choice, since it uses up a large their territors.
amount of energy, and can result in injury A. Fighting in groups.
or even death. Most animals rely on
various threats, either through sounds or 无中生
B. Threatening and warning.
smells. The songs of birds, the drumming 有
of woodpeckers and the loud calls of
monkeys are all warnings that carry for C. Escaping before being
long distances, advertising to possible Hurt
invaders that someone else’s territory is 无中生有
being approached. Many animals rely on D. Asking partners for help.
smells to mark their territories or leaving 无中生有
droppings around the territories. Other
animals will be warned off the territory
without ever meeting with the territory’s
defender.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
词汇
题
68. What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the
second paragraph mean?
A. enlarge
B. change
C. shake
D. shrink
Pre-reading
Comprehension
词汇题解题技巧
 直接解释
Confidence ， is that you feel sure of

your abilities.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
 换词
同根词 : happiness
同义词 : delight
反义词 : sad
Pre-reading
Comprehension
 举例子
Last time, my boss asked me to ……
I had never done it before, but I‘m

sure I can do it well.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
 并列解释
I have confidence and feel certain.

Pre-reading
Comprehension
 从反面说
He didn’t believe himself, however, I

……
Pre-reading
Comprehension
2 Sometimes, these warnings
may be ignored, and an invader may 68. What does the underlined
move accidentally into a neighboring word “exaggerate” in the
territory, or two animals may meet
near the border of their nearby second paragraph mean?
territories. When the two animals A. enlarge
meet, they will generally threaten
each other with visual （视觉并列解释
B. change
的） displays. These displays will
often exaggerate an animal’s size by
putting up feathers or fur, or will C. shake
show off the animal’s weapons. The
animals may go through all the D. shrink
behavior of fighting without ever
actually touching each other. The
displays are generally performed
best near the center of an animal’s
territory, where it is more likely to
attack an invader and where
retreating becomes more of a
choice.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
细节
69. An actual fight will happen when . 题
A. animals meet near the border of their territories
B. the invader enters the defender’s territories
C. the defender notices the invader smaller than itself
D. the living resources are limited in the territory
Pre-reading
Comprehension
题文同序
定位
同根词
时间
同义词
二级：名词
反义词
三级：动词
Pre-reading
Comprehension
1 、张冠李戴
2 、以偏概全
3 、无中生有
4 、偷梁换柱
Pre-reading
Comprehension
关键词
3 Actual fighting usually 69. An actual fight will
only happens in overcrowded happen when .
A. animals meet near the
conditions, when resources are border of their territories
not enough. Serious injury can
result, and old or sick animals B. the invader enters the
may die. Leading to a more defender’s territories
balanced population size . Under
C. the defender notices the
most natural conditions, invader smaller than itself
territoriality is an effective way of
maintaining a healthy population. D. the living resources are
The study of social behaviors limited in the territory
such as territoriality in animals
may also help up to understand
human society.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
错误选项解析关键词
2 Sometimes, these warnings
may be ignored, and an invader may 69. An actual fight will
move accidentally into a neighboring happen when .
territory, or two animals may meet near A. animals meet near the
the border of their nearby territories. border of their territories
When the two animals meet, they will
generally threaten each other with 移花接
visual （视觉的） displays. These 木
B. the invader enters the
displays will often exaggerate an defender’s territories
animal’s size by putting up feathers or 无中生
fur, or will show off the animal’s
weapons. The animals may go through 有the
C. the defender notices
all the behavior of fighting without ever invader smaller than itself
actually touching each other. The 无中生
displays are generally performed best
near the center of an animal’s territory, 有
where it is more likely to attack an
invader and where retreating becomes
more of a choice.
Pre-reading
Comprehension
细节
题
70. The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an
influence on the of the animals
A. communication
B. condition
C. population
D. migration
Pre-reading
Comprehension
题文同序
定位
同根词
时间
同义词
二级：名词
反义词
三级：动词
Pre-reading
Comprehension
1 、张冠李戴
2 、以偏概全
3 、无中生有
4 、偷梁换柱
Pre-reading
Comprehension
关键词
3 Actual fighting usually
70. The last paragraph tells
only happens in overcrowded
us that territoriality has an
conditions, when resources are
influence on the of
not enough. Serious injury can
the animals
result, and old or sick animals
A. Communication
may die. Leading to a more 无中生
balanced population size . Under 有
B. Condition 移花接木
most natural conditions,
territoriality is an effective way of
C. Population
maintaining a healthy population.
The study of social behaviors
D. migration
such as territoriality in animals 无中生
may also help up to understand
human society.
有
Pre-reading
Vocabulary
Enhancement
Pre-reading Vocabulary Reading Enhancement
Comprehension
①
引出
Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to
中心
invade it. Fighting, however, is not often the best choice, since it uses up a
large amount of energy, and can result in injury or even death. Most animals
rely on various threats, either through sounds or smells. The songs of birds,
the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings
that carry for long distances, advertising to possible invaders that someone
else’s territory is being approached. Many animals rely on smells to mark their
举例
territories or leaving droppings around the territories. Other animals will be
说明
warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.
② Sometimes, these warnings may be ignored, and an invader may move
accidentally into a neighboring territory, or two animals may meet near the中心
border of their nearby territories. When the two animals meet, they will
generally threaten each other with visual （视觉的） displays. These displays
will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur, or will show
off the animal’s weapons. The animals may go through all the behavior of
fighting without ever actually touching each other. The displays are generally
performed best near the center of an animal’s territory, where it is more likely
to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
③
讲有
Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions, when
resources are not enough. Serious injury can result, and old or sick animals
利方
may die. Leading to a more balanced population size . Under most natural
说明面
conditions, territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.
中心
The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help up
to understand human society.
Comprehension
文体行文结构
说明文：
1 、引出中心
 开宗明义 ,第一句为主题句
 A but B ，主题句为 B 后内容。 But=In fact, Actually 等
 用熟悉的事物做类比
2 、说明中心
 举例（最常见） For example ， for instance ， such as
 讲利弊
 对比说明：
A & 非 A ， on the contrary of ， opposite ， reverse 等

3 、总结
Comprehension
文体行文结构
记叙文：
 时间为序
 地点为序
 以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）
 倒叙：先写结局，再写其他，最后高潮
Comprehension
文体行文结构
议论文
 提出问题—分析问题—解决问题
 提出问题—分论点 1— 分论点 2......— 结论
 提出反面观点—批驳反面观点—提出正面观点
 引入段—导出论点—分点论述—结论
Comprehension
总结
做题技巧
 主旨题
 细节题
 词汇题
单词回顾
shake 、 shrink 、 defend 、 warn 、 ignore
Comprehension
Translation
Many animals rely on smells to mark their

territories or leaving droppings around the
territories.
Make a sentence
富二代也要学会自力更生，不能仅仅依靠父母。

Unit 1 自然环境 Nature Environment: Passage H 2013 届山东省德州市模拟 C

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Unit 1 自然环境 Nature Environment: Passage H 2013 届山东省德州市模拟 C

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Unit 1 自然环境

Passage H 2013 届山东省德州市模拟 C

 milk shake 牛奶冰淇淋 ; 香草 ; 柠檬水 ; 奶惜

 Shake Toolbox 摇晃工具箱

 shake frequency 振次 ; 振动频率

He can walk, talk, and even shake your

In order to express their love for oxen,

Have a firm handshake.

 shrink ring 扣环 ; 缩紧环 ; 收缩环 ; 加强环

 Shrink it 缩放它 ; 伸缩自如

 shrink wrapping 收缩裹包 ; 紧缩包装 ; 收缩包装

 shrink back 因害怕而退缩 ; 退缩 ; 收缩 ; 害怕

 Image Shrink 图片缩小 ; 图片缩放 ; 图像缩小

 rope shrink 钢丝绳收缩

Shrinking adj. 缩小的

Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.

Shrink vt. 使缩小，使收缩

In the future, they hope to increase the

 defend oneself 自卫 ; 申辩 ; 自行辩护 ; 保卫自己

 Defend midfielder 防守型中场

 Base Defend 基地防守

 crouch defend 下蹲防守

 Defend Music 出版者 ; 唱片公司

 Defend London 保卫伦敦

Defend vt. 辩护；防护

A critical (批判的 ) eye is valuable, and the

Defend vi. 保卫；防守

Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes,

Defend vt. 辩护；防护

The mosquito and the parasite(寄生虫 ) are the

 warn of 警告 ; 警告某人 ; 警告某人某事 ;

 warn off 告诫离开 ; 告诫

 Quake Warn 地震预警

 Warn identifications 警告标识

 Keep Warn 保暖内衣

 warn that 提出警告……一个相关词组

 They Warn 他们警告

Foreign drivers are rarely charged because

Warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知

But family experts warn that the new equality can

Taking the egg in one of her hands, she began

 Ignore Pain 忽略痛苦 ; 无视痛楚 ; 无视痛苦 ; 忽略痛

 Ignore Extents 忽略范围 ; 范围忽略

 Ignore all 全部忽略 ; 忽略所有节点 ; 忽略全部 ;

 Ignore worries 挥别忧愁

 Ignore you 不理你 ; 不理你了 ; 忽视你 ; 忽略你

 Ignore him 不理他 ; 别理他

Ignore vt. 驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬

A new review based on a research shows

Ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬

Do you spend over an hour each day texting

Ignore vt. 忽视；不理睬

It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is

1 Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with

2 Sometimes, these warnings may be ignored, and an

3 Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded

1 Some animals will defend their 66. What topic is the

Confidence ， is that you feel sure of

Last time, my boss asked me to ……

I had never done it before, but I‘m

I have confidence and feel certain.

He didn’t believe himself, however, I