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LESSON 3-4 Jasper Mora
LESSON 3-4 Jasper Mora
Function..
• Learning Outcome(s):At the end of the lesson.the learner is able to perform
addition,subtraction,multiplication,division, composition of function, and solve problems involving
functions.
Lesson Outline:
1.Review:operation on algebraic expression
2.Adittion,subtraction,multiplication,and division of function
3.Function composition
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Addition and Subtraction:
(a) Find the least common denominator (LSD) of both fractions.
(b) Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD
•• (c)
The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
(d) The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting
fraction.
Multiplication:
(a) Rewrite the numerator and deniminator in terms of its prime factors.
• (b) Common factor in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1”
(this is often called “cancelling”)
(c) Multiply the numeritator together to get the new numerator.
(d) Multiply the denominators together to get new denominator.
• Example
3. Find the product of and Use cancellation of factors when convenient.
Solution.Express the numerators and denomirators of the two fractions into their
prime factors. Multiply anf cancel out common factors in the numerators and the
denimirators to reduce the final answer to lowest terms.
• .
=
• =
• Division:
To divide two fractions or rational expressions, mulptiply the dividend
with the reciprocal of the divisor
Example 5.Divid by
•
• =
• =
• =
• Definition. Let f ang g be functions.
• 1. Their sum.denoted by f + g, is the fuction denoted by (f +g )(x)=f(x) +g (x)
• 2. Their difference,denoted by f -9 is the function denoted by (f – g) (x)=f (x)- g(x)
• 3.Their product,denoted by f/g. is the function denoted by (f/g)
(x)=f(x)/g(x),excluding the values of x where g(x)=0.
• 4. Their quotient,denoted by f/g , is the function denoted by (f/g)(x)=f(x)/g(x) ,
excluding the values of x where g (x)=0.
•
•• Use
the following function below for Example 5.
• . F(x)=x +3
• . p(x)=2x-7
• . v(x)=
• . g(x)=
• . h(x)=
• . t(x)=
• Example 5. Determine the following functions.
• (a) (v + g) (x)
• (b) (f p) (x)
• (c) (f + p)(x)
• (d)(p – f)(x)
• (e)(v/g)(x)
•• Solution.
• (a) (v + g)(x) = (
• =
• (b) (f p)(x)=(x+3)(2x – 7) = 2
• (c) (f+h)(x) = (x + 3) + =(x + 3) . +
• =
• (d) (p – f)(x)=(2x -7) – (x + 3)= 2x – 7 – x – 3 = x – 10
• (e) () (x) =( + 5x + 4) ÷ (
• Use
the following function for Examples 6-12
• . f(x) = 2x + 1
• .q(x) =
• .r(x) =
• Example 6. Express the function f1(x) =
• Solution.
The solution can involve some trial and error. Add q(x) and f(x) and check if the
sum is
• q(x)
+ f(x) = (
• Thus f1(x) = q(x) + f(x).
• Example 7. Express the function f2(x)
• Solution.
Again, the soluiton ca involve trial and error. Check if q(x) – f(x) gives
q(x) – f(x) = (
Thus f2(x)=q(x)-f(x)
Ezample 8.Express the function f3(x)=
❑
❑
• Solution.
Because has (x-1)as a denominator, then r(x) = must be one of the
functions in our solution. Let us try to add f(x) and r(x):
f(x)+r(x)=2x+1 = =
= = = f3(x)
Example 9. Write down the answers from the previous items in the rotation
denoted in the definitions.
•• Solution
(a) f1(x)=q(x)+f(x)=(q+f)(x)
• (b)f2 (x)=q(x)-f(x)=(q-f)(x)
• (c)f3(x)=f(x)+r(x)=(f+r)(x)
• Example 10. Express the function g1(x)=2-3as a product orquotient of the given functions.
Solution.
Since. 2-3+2x+2 is cubic, then it is possibly the product of f(x) and q(x)
f(x). q(x)=(2x+1)(
=(2x-43+2x=g3(x)
thus,g3(x)=f(x).q(x)
•• Example
11. Express the function g2(x) = x-1 as a product or quotient of the given functions.
• Solution.
The function r(x)= involves x-1 the goal is to “get grid” of 2x + 1. This can be done by dividing
f(x) by r(x):
• =(2x+1)÷(2x+1..(x-1)=x-1=g2(x)
Thus,g2(x)=f(x)/r(x).
• Example12. Express the function g3(x)=.The goal is to “get rid” of 2x +1.This can be done by
diliviring r(x) by f(x)=2x+1.
• ===g3(x)
• Thus,g3(x)=r(x)/f(x).
• Definition.Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by (f g) is defined
by (f g)(x) the process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition
For examples 13 to 16, use the following functions:
f(x)=2x+1 g(x)= p(x)=
q(x)= f(x)=+1.
• Example 13. Find anf simplify (g f)(x)
• Solution.
• (g f)(x)=g(f(x))===
• Example 14.Find and simplify (q f) (x)
Solution.
• (q f))(x) = q(f(x))= f(x)-2(x)+2=(2x+1)-2(2x+1)+2
=(4+4x+1)-(4x+2)+2=4+1.
• Example 15. Find and simplify (f p)(X)
Solution.
• Example
15. Find the simplify (f p)(x).
Solution.
• (f p)(x)=f(p(x))=2p(x)+1=2
=
Example 16. Find and simplify (f p)(5)
solution.
Solved Examples
• 1. Let f(x)=3-1, and h(x)=f(x)+g(x)find
•• (a)
(f-g)(x)
• (b) f(-1) g(2)h(0)
• (c)
• (d)h(x-1)
• (e)f(3)+g(2)
• Solution.
• (a)(f-g)(x)=(3
• (b)f(-1) g(2) h(0)
• =)-2(-1)--
• =4 3 (--2)=-24
• (c)===
• (d)h(x-1)=3(x-1)-2(x-1)-1+(x-1)
• = 3(-2x+)-2x+2-1+(
• (e)f(3)+g(2)=+
=(27-6-1)=20+3=23
• 2. Let f(x)=2x-15,g(x)=+19x+90,h(x)= Find:
(a) (g f)(x)
(b) (h g)(-4)
(c) f(f(f(f((15))))
•• Solution.
• (a)(g f)(x)=(2x-15)+19(2x-15+90
=4
• (b) (f g) (-4)=h((-4)+19(-4)+90=h(16-76+90)=h(30)=
• = =6
• (c)f(f(f(f(15))))=f(f(f(15)))=f(15))=15
• 3. Express the following functions as the sum,difference,quotient,or product of f(x)=3
• (a) t(x)=-2
• (b)
u(x)=8
• (c) v(x)=2x-2
• (d) w(x)=
• Solution.
• (a) t(x)=-2
• (b) u(x)=8
• =2=2(f+g)(x)+2g(x)
• (c)
v(x)=2x-2=(3-3)-(3 -2x-1)=3(
= 3g(x)-f(x)
• (d) w(x)= = =
• 4. Suppose that N(x) = x denotes the number of shirts sold by a shop, and the selling
price per shirt is given by p(x) =250 – 5x for 0 < x < 20. Find (N . P) (x) and describe
what is represent.
• 5. A spherical ballon is being inflated.. Let r(x)= 3t cm represent its radius at time t
seconds, and let g(r) = be the volume of the same ballon if its radius is r. Write (g r)
in terms of t, and describe what it represent.
•• Solution.
(g r) = g(r(t)) = = 36π . This function represent the volume of the ballon
at time t second
• Lesson 3 Supplementary Exercises
• 1. Let f and g be defined as f(x) = x – 5 and g(x) = -1. find
• (a) f+g
• (b) f-g
• (c) f.g
• (d) f/g)
• (e) g/f
• 2.
Let f and g be defined as in the prevous example. Express the following
function as the sum,difference.quotient, or product of f and g.
• (a) P(x) = - x – 4
• (b) Q(x) = - + 2x – 9
• (c) R(x) =
• (d) S(x) =
• (e) T(x) =
•• 3.
Let f(x)= -1and g(x) = find
• (a) (fog)(x)
• (b) (gof)(-1)
• (c) (fof)(x)
• (d) (gog)(5)
• 4. Given the following, find f)(x).
• (a) (f + g)(x)= 2 -5x + 6,g(x)=
• (b) (f g)(x) = + 16 + 256,g(x) = +4x +16
• (c) (fog)(x) = (3x-2),g(x)=3x-2
• (d) (gpf)(x) =18x 25.g(x) =6x-7
• 5. Suppose that N(x) = x denotes the number of bags sold by a shop, and the selling
price per bag is given by p(x) =320 – 8x, for 0 < x < 10. Suppose further that the cost
of producing x bags is given by C(x) = 200x. Find (a) (N p)(x) and (b) N p –C)(x).
What do these functions present?
• 6. Let x represent the regular price of a book.
• (a) Give a function f that represent the price of book if a P100 price reduction applies.
• (b) Give a function g that represent the price of the book if a 10% discount applies
• (c) Compute (f g)(x) and (g f)(x). Describe what these mean. Which of
these give a better deal for the customer?
•
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LESSON 4: Representing Real-Life Situations Using Rational
Functions
the polynomial function. The constant a0, a1, a2,…, an are the coeffiecients. The
leading term is anx^n, and the constant term is A0.
• Definition: A rational function is a function of the form f(x) = where p(x) and q(x)
are polynomial function and q(x) is not zero function (i.e., q(x) ≠ 0). The domain of
f(x) is the set of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.
• Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of 10 meters. Express velocity v
as a function of travel time t, in seconds.
• Solution. The following table of values show v for various of t.
t (seconds)
t (seconds) 1 2 4 5 10
\
vv(meters
(metersper
per 10 5 2.5 2 1
second)
second)