Prebiotics: definition

measurable not m.o. or drug; be chemically defined

A prebiotic is a food component that confers a

health benefit on the host associated with
modulation of the microbiota

changes composition & activities of good microbiota;

stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria and LAB, and
hence inhibits pathogenic bacteria

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 1
 Definition of soluble fiber

“The edible parts of plants or similar

carbohydrates resistant to digestion and
absorption in the human small intestine
with complete or partial fermentation in
the large intestine” (Am. Assoc. Cereal Chemists)

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 2
07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 3
 Other definitions
• Prebiotics are defined as:
“non-digestible food ingredient(s) that beneficially
affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth
and/or activity of one or a limited number of
bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host
health”
(Gibson and Roberfroid, 1995, J. Nutr. 125:1401–
1412)
• They are polysaccharides or oligosaccharides
• Derived from plant, natural (inulin, poly~),
partially hydrolysed or synthesized (Suc + nGlu
FOS)
07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 4
 Character of prebiotics
Which prebiotics

• Resistant— pH, enzymes

• Fermentation by selected intestinal biota—yes
• Selective stimulation of growth &/or activity of
beneficial m.o. in the gut
• Safety, good sensory attributes
• Stability— heat, dehydration, storability at RT
• Give result in human
• Adequately chemically defined

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 5
 Functions of dietary fiber
Functions
Adds bulk to your diet and thus
making you feel fullness
Attracts water and turn to gel, traps
RCHO and slowing absorption of
glucose
Lowers total and LDL cholesterol
Speeds the passage of food through
digestive system
Add bulk to stool
Balance intestinal pH and stimulate
fermentative production of SCFAs
Effects
May reduce appetite
Lowers variance in blood
sugar levels
Reduces the risk of CVD
Facilitates regularity
Alleviate constipation
May reduce the risk of
colorectal cancer

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 6
 Fiber = crude f. + dietary f. (2-10 x of CF)

Dietary fibre = soluble fiber + insoluble fiber

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 7
 Fermentability

High fermentability Low fermentability

• Beta-glucans • Cellulose
• Pectins • Hemicellulose
• Natural gums • Lignans
• Inulins (long chain FOS) • Plant waxes
• Oligosaccharides • Resistant starch
• Resistant dextrins

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 8
 Fermentation of dietary fiber
Sugar alcohol,
Short chain oligosaccharides,
RS, NSPs
Colon biota
Faeces (1012 cells/g)

Acetate
Propionate SCFAs,
Butyrate

Butyrate—protects against colorectal cancer Absorption

Ingestion of NSP is inversely prop. to colon cancer
Colonic
epithelium

Acetate
Kidney, muscle,
Acetate Liver Propionate
brain, etc.

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 9
 What are prebiotics
Common Emerging compounds

• Inulin • Pectic-oligosaccharides,
• Fructo-oligasaccharides (FOS) • Lactosucrose
• Galacto-~ (GOS)
• Sugar alcohols
• Soya-oligosaccharides
• Xylo-oligosaccharides • Gluco-oligosaccharides
• Pyrodextrins, • Resistant starch
• Isomalto-oligosaccharides • Xylosaccharides
• Lactulose.

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 10
07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 11
07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 12
 Glucans

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 13
 Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)

Lantinan
(a β-glucan isolated from shiitake mushroom)

Control blood cholesterol and body weight

Improve body immune system

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 14
 β-glucans
(polysaccharides of D-Glu units linked by β-glycosidic bond)

• Found in plant (cereals), bacteria, yeast and mold,

mushroom
• Useful in nutrition as texturing agent
• -glucan from yeast and medicinal mushroom can
modulate immune system
• 1,3/1,6 β-glucan has greater biological activity than
that of the soluble 1,3/1,4 β-glucan

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 15
 Inulin (soluble dietary fibre)
a polymer of fructose molecules

A linear fructan with a

terminal -D-glucose

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 16
 Source of soluble fibre
• Legumes—peas, soy and he beans
• Oats, rye, barley
• Fruits and fruit juices
• Certain vegetables—broccoli, carrots, Jerusalem artichokes
• Root tubers and root vegetables— chicory root, sweet
potato, potato, onion (skin; insoluble fibre)
• Psyllium seed husk (a mucilage soluble fibre)

07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 17
07/16/2020 CDBT/GPK 18