DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

Sequential circuits
UNIT-IV
Related CO’s :R19C114.4
PO’s : 1,2,3,12
PSO’s: 1,2
U.SIRISHA
Assistant Professor
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
 SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT
• A combinational circuit with a memory element
added acts as sequential circuit.
Comparison Of Combinational
And Sequential Circuits
 Sequential circuits
Classification of sequential circuits: Sequential circuits
may be classified as two types.
1. Synchronous sequential circuits
2. Asynchronous sequential circuits
Their classification depends
on the timing of their signals.
1. Synchronous sequential circuits: Synchronous
sequential circuits change their states and output
values at discrete instants of time, which are specified
by the rising and falling edge of a free-running clock
signal.
Synchronous sequential circuits are also known as clocked sequential circuits.
The memory elements used in synchronous sequential circuits are usually flip-flops (a
bi-stable device which stores one bit information).

2. Asynchronous sequential circuits:

In asynchronous sequential circuits, the transition from one state to another is initiated
by the change in the primary inputs; there is no external synchronization.
The memory commonly used in asynchronous sequential circuits are time-delayed
devices, usually implemented by feedback among logic gates.
Thus, asynchronous sequential circuits may be regarded as combinational circuits with
feedback. Because of the feedback among logic gates, asynchronous sequential circuits
may, at times, become unstable due to transient conditions
SYNCHRONOUS
SEQUENTIAL ASYNCHRONOUS
CIRCUITS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
COMPARISION
 Flip flops
A flip flop is an electronic circuit with two stable states that can be used to store
binary data. The stored data can be changed by applying varying inputs. Flip-flops
and latches are fundamental building blocks of digital electronics systems used in
computers, communications, and many other types of systems. Flip-flops and
latches are used as data storage elements. There are 4 types of flipflops

1.RS flip flop

2.Jk flip flop
3.D flip flop
4.T flip flop
Applications of Flip-Flops
These are the various types of flip-flops being used in digital electronic circuits and
the applications like Counters, Frequency Dividers, Shift Registers, Storage
Registers
 Latches and flip-flops

LATCH FLIP-FLOP
Can store one bit of information Can store one bit of information
It is a asynchronous sequential circuit It is a synchronous sequential circuit
Does not require clock signal Requires clock signal
It is level sensitive It is edge Sensitive
Works based on enable signal Works based on clock pulse
Their outputs are constantly affected Their content change only either at the
by their inputs as long as the enable rising or falling edge of the enable
signal is asserted. signal. This enable signal is usually the
controlling clock signal.
Requires less power Requires high power
There are basically four main types of There are basically four main types of
latches : SR, D, JK, and T. flip-flops: SR, D, JK, and T.
LATCH FLIP-FLOP
LATCH

FLIP-FLOP
 SR latch/flipflop

Using NOR GATES Using NAND GATES

LOGIC DIAGRAM
D LATCH
SR Flip-Flop
Case1 when S=0 R=0:Qn+1=(1.Qn’)’=(Qn’)’= Qn Case 3 when S=1 R=0:Qn+1=(0.Qn’)’=(0)’= 1
(Qn+1)’=(1.Qn)’=(1)’=0
(Qn+1)’=(1.Qn)’=Qn’
Case4 when S=1 R=1 :Qn+1=(0.Qn’)’=(0)’= 1
(Qn+1)’=(0.Qn)’=(0)’=1
Case2 when S=0 R=1 :Qn+1=(1.Qn’)’=(Qn’)’= Qn
(Qn+1)’=(0.Qn)’=(0)’=1
D FLIPFLOP
Case 1 when D=0 :Qn+1=(1.Qn’)’=Qn=0
(Qn+1)’=(0.Qn)’=(0)’=1

Case 2 when D=1 :Qn+1=(0.Qn’)’=(0)’= 1

(Qn+1)’=(1.Qn)’=(1)’=0
JK FLIPFLOP
 Case1 when J=0 K=0:Qn+1=(1.Qn’)’=(Qn’)’= Qn Case 3 when J=1 K=0:Qn+1=(Qn.Qn’)’=(0)’= 1
(Qn+1)’=(1.Qn)’=Qn’

Case2 when J=0 K=1 :Qn+1=(1.Qn’)’=(Qn’)’= Qn

(Qn+1)’=(Qn’.Qn)’=(0)’=1 Case4 when J=1 K=1 :Qn+1=(1.Qn)’=Qn’
(Qn+1)’=(Qn’.Qn)’=(0)’=1
T FLIPFLOP
PROCEDURE FOR CONVERSION OF FLIPFLOPS
Step 1: Write the Truth Table of the Destination Flip-Flop

Step 2: Obtain the Excitation Table for the given source flipflop from its Truth
Table
Step 3: Append the Excitation Table of the given Flip-Flop to the Truth Table of the Desired Flip-Flop
Appropriately to obtain Conversion Table

Step 4: Simplify the Expressions for the Inputs of the given Flip-Flop

Step 5: Design the Necessary Circuit and make the Connections accordingly
  Conversion of JK Flip-Flop to SR Flip-Flop