Electrical Machines

EE-260

Instructor: Dr Mehmood Alam

Department of Electrical Engineering, Military College of Signals

National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)
 Three Phase Transformers
• The major power generation, transmission, and distribution
systems are three phase systems. Therefore, it is necessary to
understand the design and operation of a three phase
transformers.
• A three phase transformer can be constructed in one of the two
ways:
a. Simply take three single phase transformers and connect
them in three phase bank.

Three phase transformers bank

with independent transformers
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 Three Phase Transformers Bank (cont…
b. Make a three phase transformer consisting of three sets of
windings wrapped around a common core.

A single three phase transformer is

the preferred practice today
because it is lighter, smaller,
cheaper, and slightly more
efficient.
Three phase transformers bank on a
single three legged core

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 Three Phase Transformer Connections
(cont…
• The Primary and secondary winding of a three phase
transformer can be independently connected in either wye (Y)
or delta ().
• Four possible connections for a three phase transformer.
1. Y-Y 2. Y- 3. -Y 4. -
• Any single transformer in the bank behaves exactly like a
stand alone single phase transformer.
• The impedance, voltage regulation, efficiency, and similar
calculations for three phase transformer can be done on per
phase basis using the techniques established for single phase
transformer.

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 Three Phase Transformer
a. Y-Y Connections

Primary Voltage on each phase

VLP  3V P VLS  3V S
Is
V P VLP
a a
V S VLS
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Three Phase Transformer
a. Y-Y Connections

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 Y-Y Connections
Problems in Y-Y
• If loads on the transformer circuit are unbalanced , then
the voltages on the phases of the transformer can
become severely unbalanced.
• Third harmonic voltages can be large.
Solutions
• Solidly ground the neutrals of the transformer
• Add a third winding connected in delta to the
transformer bank
Three Phase Transformer (cont…
b. Y- Connections

VLP  3V P VLS  V S

V P VLP
a  3a
V S VLS
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Three Phase Transformer (cont…
b. Y- Connections

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 b. Y- Connections
Advantages
• No problem with third harmonic components in its voltages.
• They are consumed in a circulating current on the delta side.
• More stable w.r.t unbalanced loads.
• The delta partially redistributes any imbalance that occurs.
Problem
The secondary voltage is shifted 30’ relative to the primary voltage,
Which causes problem in paralleling two transformers.
• The phase should be same when paralleling two transformers.
 Three Phase Transformer (cont…
c. -Y Connections

VLP  V P VLS  3V S

V P VLP a
a 
V S VLS 3

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Three Phase Transformer (cont…
c. -Y Connections

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Three Phase Transformer (cont…
d. -  Connections

VLP  V P VLS  V S
V P VLP
a a
V S VLS

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Three Phase Transformer (cont…
d. -  Connections

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 c.  - Connections

• No phase shift associated

• No problems with unbalanced load
• Frequently used transformer
Three Phase Transformer Connections
V LP  3VP V LS  3VS
1) Y-Y
VP V LP
a a
VS V LS
V LP  3VP VLS  VS
2) Y-
VP VLP
a  3a
VS VLS
V LP  VP VLS  3VS
3) -Y
VP VLP a
a 
VS V LS 3

V LP  VP VLS  VS

4) - VP VLP
a a
VS V LS
1