RENEWABLE ENERGY By Mugilrajan D

ON MODERN SHIPS
WIND POWER
WIND POWER
Prior to the advent of the steam engine, sails monopolised the high seas, propelling
relatively small ships with large crew complements.
Soft-sails
Fixed-sails
Kite sails
Flettner Rotors
Wind turbines
TOWING KITES
 The principle is simple, although the technology necessary to deploy, control and
recover the kite is rather complex.
In practice, extra power is provided to propel the ship by flying a kite tethered to
the vessel’s bow.
The kite speed through the air increases its efficiency compared to standard sails
but the setup requires a computer to control the kite.
Operability of kites is limited to a relatively narrow range of wind conditions
(essentially quartering winds), which further limits the usefulness of these systems.
TOWING KITES
For actual cost-benefit of kites, it is necessary to estimate their potential when
deployed on specific routes where wind patterns can be predicted.
The real concern regarding towing kites is on the complexity of its operation and
the risk associated with the system behavior in rough weather.
 As the largest gains provided by towing kites are when strong tail winds are
present.
ROTOR SAILS, FLETTNER
ROTORS AND
WINDMILLS
Flettner rotors are vertical, cylindrical sails spinning around their axis.
A propulsive force is generated in the direction perpendicular to that of the wind
hitting the rotor as a result of the Magnus effect.
For this reason, rotor sails offer maximum efficiency near apparent beam wind
conditions, a characteristic that could make them interesting as a complement to towing
kites.
However, rotors are normally powered by a diesel engine driven motor to achieve the
necessary RPM.
They are made to telescopically collapse onto the deck to minimize aerodynamic drag
when they are not in use, they might increase fuel consumption for a large range of
wind directions.
VERTICAL AXIS (SAVONIUS) WIND
TURBINES OR VAWTS.

An alternative to powering the rotors using engines is the use of VAWTs.
They show some degree of autorotation as a result of the Magnus effect like
Flettner rotors, but rotate simply as the result of wind hitting the blades.
 The other advantage of VAWTs is they can be made to power electrical generators,
thus obviating to the limitation of standard Flettvertical axis (Savonius) wind
turbines or VAWTs.
VERTICAL AXIS (SAVONIUS) WIND TURBINES OR VAWTS.
HYBRID MARINE POWER
Low Emission and Cost Effective Solutions for Shipping
Hybrid Power or Hybrid Marine Power (HMP) systems lower fuel consumption,
reduce airborne pollution and are energy efficient.
specially designed solar module panel array
The Tonbo will be able to use energy collected via the solar modules to charge on-
board batteries in order to reduce fuel consumption and will also be able to rapidly
re-charge these batteries by using shore power when alongside.
HYBRID MARINE POWER
Hybrid power or hybrid marine power (HMP) can also be used to provide power
for facilities on a ship such as catering equipment, fans and lighting.
For example an LED lighting system could be powered in the evenings from energy
stored in the batteries collected during the day and the same batteries would also be
able to provide power to electric motors and move the vessel quietly & emission free
across the water.
WIND POWER & SOLAR
SHIP
utilizes an array of rigid sails which can utilize both wind and solar energy.
The sails can be used with other green ship technologies to reduce fuel
consumption and gas emissions.
 it can be used even when a ship is at anchor or in port and has been designed to
withstand high winds.
It can be fitted on a wide variety of ships from large Capesize bulk ore carriers to
naval and coastguard patrol ships.
AQUARIUS MRE SYSTEM

The patented Aquarius MRE (MRE - Marine Renewable Energy) is an advanced

integrated system of rigid but movable sails, computer systems, renewable energy
devices & energy storage modules that will allow ships to tap into renewable energy
at sea by harnessing the power provided by the wind and sun.
The rigid sails are based on the patented EnergySail technology developed by
EMP.
The rigid sail or EnergySail designed by Eco Marine Power will help move a ship
by using the available wind plus they may collect solar energy during the day if solar
panels are fitted.
The EnergySail is moved automatically by the computer control system to best suit
the prevailing weather conditions
AQUARIUS MRE SYSTEM
The batteries when charged can then be used to power the ship’s operational
equipment or alternatively, be used as a power source when at harbour or at anchor.
The batteries or energy storage modules can also be used to store energy from other
sources such as the ship's generators.
ADVANTAGES OF WIND AND SOLAR
POWER

 wind and solar power used on-board ships reduces the use of fossil fuels and this
results in less air pollution less & greenhouse gas emissions.
wind and solar power are better for the environment compared to burning oil, diesel
fuel or LNG etc.
less fuel used means reduced operating costs for the owner or operator of the ship. 
MAIN BARRIERS RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN SHIPPING
 The development of renewable energy solutions for shipping has been hampered
by over-supply of fossil fuel-powered shipping .
 the lack of commercial viability of such systems
the existence of split incentives between ship owners and operators, resulting in
limited motivation for deployment of clean energy solutions in this sector.
Market forces working within a tightening regulatory regime will govern the speed of
uptake of renewable energy technology for shipping, although this will also be
tempered by infrastructure lock-in .
BIOFUEL
Biofuel, any fuel that is derived from biomass -that is, plant or algae material or
animal waste.
Since such feedstock material can be replenished readily, biofuel is considered to be
a source of renewable energy,
unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
 cost-effective and environmentally benign alternative to petroleum and other fossil
fuels, particularly within the context of rising petroleum prices and increased
concern over the contributions made by fossil fuels to global warming.
MARINE BIOFUELS AND
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
The combined effects of decreasing availability of light crude oil, increased demand
for global merchant shipping, and stricter marine fuel regulations have caused a
search for competitively produced marine fuel alternatives with low sulphur content
and low carbon footprint.
 Alternative fossil-based fuels such as LNG and LPG have low sulphur and
nitrogen oxide emissions, but have a limited contribution to reducing greenhouse gas
emissions.
 Biofuels, however, have a much larger potential to combat climate change and
reduce emissions over their full life cycle.
MARINE BIOFUELS AND
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
As biomass is a renewable resource and contains very little or no sulphur, biofuels
have the potential to become an important part of the fuel mix in the shipping sector,
thereby reducing its dependence on fossil fuels as well as GHG emissions.
Biofuels are derived from biologically renewable resources, and by far most
biofuels are derived from plant based sugars, oils and terpenes. A small amount is
derived from animal fat waste.
 Bioethanol and biodiesel are commercially produced globally, though they have
almost exclusively been utilized by the road transportation sector.
MARINE BIOFUELS AND
CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
The advantage of producing a marine fuel is that the fuel can be of a
lower quality, have higher viscosity, and be less refined than fuels used for aviation
or road transport.
Thus, marine biofuels may be produced with lower processing costs, eliminating
the need for secondary refining.
The established shipping operational procedures make customizing marine engines
to run on new compatible fuels a costly process. Thus, it is practical to take
advantage of the existing infrastructure (marine engines, fuel transport pipelines,
bunkering) and produce a fuel compatible with what is already in place