REVISION

Theories of
Language Teaching 1
 Matching
Approach Description
A. Lexical 1. Learners perform actions in response to the teacher’s
approach instructions.
B. Presentation, 2. Learners practice new structures orally only after the
Practice and teacher has introduced them.
Production (PPP)
C. Task-based 3. The focus is on words or sets of words and how they
Learning (TBL) are used in natural contexts.
D. Test-teach-test 4. There is more emphasis on the written word than
spoken communication.
E. Total Physical 5. Learners first complete a task or activity without help
Response (TPR) from the teacher. Then, based on the problems seen, the
teacher plans and presents the target language. Then the
learners do another task to practise the new language.

F. Grammar 6. Lessons focus on completing an activity after which

Translation (GT) relevant language is highlighted and worked on.
SOME MAJOR TEACHING METHODS
1. The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM)
2. The Direct Method
3. The Audio-lingual Method
4. The Communicative Language Teaching
 SOME MAJOR TEACHING METHODS
1. The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM)
The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) is a
method of foreign or second language teaching
which makes use of translation and grammar
study as the main teaching and learning activities.
 SOME MAJOR TEACHING METHODS
2. The Direct Method
Direct Method (DM) is a language teaching
method through which students are directly
taught with target language without using native
language.
 SOME MAJOR TEACHING METHODS
3. The audio-lingual method
The audio-lingual method (ALM)  is similar to the
direct method (Students should be taught a
language directly, without using the students'
native language to explain new words or
grammar in the target language).
However, unlike the direct method, the audio-
lingual method did not focus on teaching
vocabulary. Rather, the teacher drilled students in
the use of grammar.
 SOME MAJOR TEACHING METHODS
4. The Communicative language teaching:
Communicative language teaching (CLT) is an
approach that emphasizes interaction as both the
means and the ultimate goal of study. Language
learners learn and practice the target language
through the interaction with one another and the
instructor, the study of "authentic texts" and
through the use of the language both in class and
outside of class.
SOME OTHER TEACHING METHODS

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION
OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
PROBLEM-BASED EDUCATION