Inverse of a

Matrix
 Objectives

• Determinant of a Matrix
• Singular matrix
• Adjoint of a Matrix
• Inverse of a Matrix
Determinants
Definition
Finding a 2 x 2 determinant:

a b
= ad - bc
c d
 Find the determinant:
5 7
1.
11 8  58  711  40  77
40  77  37
3 2
2.
1 5
 35  21  15  2
15  2  17
 10 2
3.  10(-3) - (-2)(0)
0 3
 -30 + 0 = -30
Determinants

4. Find the determinant 7 8 

G 
of the matrix.
6 7

7 8
 7(7)  6(8)  49  48  1
6 7
Determinants

5. Find the determinant of the matrix.

1 1  If the determinant
H  
 2 2  of a matrix = 0, the
matrix does not
have an inverse.
1 1
 1( 2)  2(1)  0 Matrix H is
2 2 invertible.
Example 6
Example 7
Class Activity 1
Adjoint of a
Matrix
Adjoint of a Matrix

The adjoint of matrix A is often written adj A or Aadjoint

a b  d -b
X    Then X adjoint   
c d - c a
Adjoint of a Matrix

 d  b is called the adjoint of the

  c a  original matrix. Notice it is
 
found by switching the entries on the
main diagonal and changing the signs of
the entries on the other diagonal.
Examples
Examples
Inverse of a Matrix
 a b 
Finding the Inverse of a 2x2 matrix c d 
 
Step-1 First find what is called the Determinant
This is calculated as ad-bc
d b
Step-2 Then swap the elements in the leading diagonal c a 
 

Step-3 Then negate the other elements - Adjoint d  b

 c a 
 

Step-4 Then multiply the Adjoint by 1/determinant

1 d  b 
inverse matrix
ad  cb  c a 
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 Find the inverses
 2 6 11  5  6   1.25  1.5 
A    A      
1 5 4   1 2    0.25 0.5 

  5 20  1  2  20   0.2  2 
1
B    B      
 1 2  10  1  5   0.1  0.5 

2 2  1   1  2   0.5 1 
C    1
C      
 0  1 2 0 2   0  1

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More inverses
 2 4 1  3  4   1.5  2 
1
A    A      
 1 3 2   1 2    0.5 1 

 5 10  1  2  10   0.1  0.5 
B    1
B      
 1 2  20  1 5   0. 05 0. 25 
 3 2 1  1  2  1 2 
C    C 1      
2 1  1   2 3   2  3

 8 2 1  0  2   0  1
1
D    D      
 1 0  2  1 8   0.5 4 

 2  8 E 1 cannot be found as det  2  4  (1 8)  8  8  0

E   
  1 4 
1  1 0   1 0 
F1      self inverting
 1 0  1  0  1  0  1
F   
 0  1
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Activity: What’s your findings?
The multiplicative inverse of a matrix
 This can only be done with SQUARE matrices
 Again, we will only do this for a 2x2 matrix

 4 8  0.75  2 
Ex A =   then A-1 =  
 1 3   0.25 1 

AxA-1 =
 4 8  0.75  2   3  2  8  8 1 0
        
 1 3   0.25 1   0.75  0.75  2  3   0 1 

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  4 8
Example Find Inverse of A A   
 1 3
Step 1 – Calc Determinant
Determinant (ad-cb) = 4x3-8x1 = 4
3 8
step2  
Step 2 – Swap Elements on leading diagonal  1 4 
 3 8
step3  
Step 3 – negate the other elements  1 4

1  3 8
step4  
Step 4 – multiply by 1/determinant 4  1 4

check (not needed)

1 0.75  2  4 8  0.75  2
A   AA
1
   0.25 1 
  0.25 1  1 3   
3  2  8  8 1 0
 0.75  0.75   0 1
 23   
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 Applications of matrices
 Because matrices are clever storage systems for
numbers there are a large and diverse number of
ways we can apply them.

 Matrices are used in to solve equations on

computers
- solving equations

 They are used in computer games and multi-media

devices to move and change objects in space
- transformation geometry

 We only consider solving equations on Maths1 with

using 2x2 matrices

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Class Activity 2