POWER

TILLER
 Introduction
A power tiller is a two-wheeled and hand operated
tractor with power ranging from 3 to 16 hp primarily
used as substitute for draft animals.
These are also called walked-behind tractor or
pedestrian tractor.
Power tiller is introduced in the Philippines in 1970.
Its originally imported from Japan, Europe, and USA.
Local designs of power tiller was started in the
Philippines in 1972 and nationwide production of well
designed machine was started in 1992.
 Trailer Rotary Tiller
Power Tiller

Cage
wheel

Disk Plow

Moldboard
Plow

Power Tiller and its Implement and Accessories

 Uses of Power Tiller
The power tiller is basically used for primary
and secondary tillage operation in wetland
farming operation.
The power tiller also provides power for
stationary jobs such as:
 Driving irrigation pumps
 Supplying power to a rice thresher
 Etc
The power tiller is also used for transport of
farm products and other field equipment.
 Power Tiller Parts
Engine mounting frame
Engine pulley
Idler pulley
Input shaft pulley
Handle bar
Handle adjustment bar
Throttle lever
Idler Clutch lever
 Handle Bar Handle
Handle Adjustment Engine
Bar

Clutch
Lever

Engine
Hitch Point Mounting
Frame
Transmission
Box Axle Cage Wheel
Transmission housing
Axle
Cage wheel
Hitch point
Tool box
Hood
Mud guard
 Handle Bar Handle

Clutch
Engine
Transmission Drive

Rotary Tiller

Rubber Wheel

Axle
 Handle Clutch
Lever
Engine

Fuel Lever

Hood

Rotary Tiller

Depth Control
Engine
Wheel Axle Base

Rubber wheel
Classifications of Power
Tiller
Light Duty, Single Axle – This machine are single
axle and is equipped with 4 to 6 hp air cooled
gasoline engines. They have no differential and
steering clutches. Rotary blade or cage wheel are
directly mounted on the main axle while the
moldboard plow, comb harrow, and other farm
implement are hitched at the rear of the machine.
Cage wheel with comb harrow or moldboard plow
are usually used for low land preparations.
Pneumatic tires are standard equipment for transport
when pulling trailer and for upland operation.
Medium duty, Single or Double Axle – They
are either single or double axle type. They
are equipped with 6 to 8 hp air cooled
gasoline engine. Some tiller of this type have
multi-speed transmission gear boxes and
detachable rotary tiller or rotavators.
Moldboard plow and comb harrow are the
basic farm implements together with the
cagewheels. Pneumatic tires are standard
equipment for upland work and for transport
in conjunction with the trailer.
Heavy Duty, Double Axle – These tillers are double
axle type equipped with 9-12 hp diesel engine. They
are provided with multi-speed transmission gear
boxes, steering clutches, and integral rotary tillers
which consists of tilling blades or tines mounted on a
shaft series. The rotary tiller is attached at the rear of
the main axle and is driven by PTO of the power
tiller. Cagewheel and pneumatic tires are standard
equipment. The multi-speed transmission and the
presence of steering clutches make these ideal for
transport and hauling operation.
Classification of Power Tiller
According to Functions
Traction Type – These are power tiller that
provides pulling power for farm operations such as
plowing harrowing, levelling or for transport
purposes.
Rotary Type – These are power tillers that are
fitted with rotary cutting blade as steel cage wheel
fitted at the drive shaft to accomplish primary and
secondary tillage.
General Purpose – These are power tiller suitable
for both rotary and traction type either on upland
and lowland farm operation
Power Tiller Implements
Moldboard Plow – This is very popular in
many areas in the country and widely used
by farmers. The plow basically consists of
plow share for cutting or slicing soil, and the
moldboard to invert or pulverize the soil.
Disk Plow – This plow is circular in shape and
is gaining popularity in wet land paddy soil. For
power tilling two-bottom disk plow is commonly
used. It is a smoothing implement with a swath
approx twice of that of the moldboard. It is
advantageous in terms of repositioning the disk
in order to plow near the edge of the field. Its
disadvantages is the cost which is more
expensive than the modlboard plow as ell s the
weight of the power requirement.
Spiral Plow – This is a recently developed tillage implement
wherein the conventional cage wheels of the power tiller are
replaced by a cylinders with spiral blade attached to it to till the soil
through the spiral action of the blade. The main advantage is that
the swath of land tilled per pass is much wider that the moldboard
plow, thereby increasing the field capacity of the power tiller. This
plow is popular in areas where the soil is too hard to till
conveniently with other implement. Tilling performance is affected
by both the speed of the rotation of the plow and the angle of pitch
of the screw.
Cagewheel Combined with Comb Harrow – This
implement is used in areas where the soil is
very soft due to excessive amount of water. It
uses the conventional cagewheel and comb
harrows of the hand tractor for primary tillage as
ell as for subsequent harrowing operation. It
advantages is that it doesn’t require additional
implement other than those used for harrowing,
most suitable implement for waterlogged field,
and margins of the field can be easily tilled.
Rotary Tiller - This implement is attached to the power tiller to till and
mix plant residue into the soil through the action of tiller blade known as
tines.
Cono Puddler – This implement is
designed for puddling newly harvest
field that is still soft for succeeding
planting operation.
Trailer – this implement is used to transport
equipment and other materials from farmers house to
the field. During crop maintenance period and
harvest season this implement are used to transport
farm product to market places.
 Field Capacity
TFC = [We x Sw ] / 10

where:
TFC - theoretical field capacity, ha/hr
We - width of cut, m
Sw - working speed, kph
Effective Field Capacity
EFC = Ap / Ot

where:
EFC - effective field capacity, ha
Ap - area plow, ha
Ot - operating time, hr
 Field Efficiency

FE = [EFC / TFC] x 100

where:
FE - field efficiency, %
EFC - effective field capacity, ha/hr
TFC - theoretical field capacity, ha/hr
Fuel Consumption
FC = Fu / Ot

where:
FC - fuel consumed, li/hr
FU - amount of fuel used, li
Ot - operating time, hr
 Axle Torque

AT = F x L

where:
AT - axle torque, kg-m
F - load at the axle, kg
L - radius of the cage wheel, m
 Axle Power
AHP = [F x N] / 1000

where:
AHP - axle power, hp
F - load at the axle, kg
L - axle speed, rpm
Specific Fuel Consumption
SFC = FC / AHP

where:
SFC - specific fuel consumption, li/hr-hp
FC - fuel consumption, li/hr
AHP - axle power, hp
Transmission Efficiency

TE = [APo / APi] x 100

where:
TE - transmission efficiency, %
APo - axle power output, hp
APi - axle power input, hp
 Design Specifications of Locally
Produced Power Tillers
Axle Load 21.3 kg to 91.2 kg
Axle Torque 15.5 kg-m to 68.8 kg-m
Axle Power 3.57 kW to 8.58 kW
Transmission Efficiency 77.8 % to 94.9%
Specific Fuel Consumption 227.7 g/kW-hr to 624.7 g/kW-hr
Travelling Speed 0.7 kph to 5.04 kph
Plowing Efficiency 78.9% to 96.4%
Rated Power 4.48 kW to 13.4 kW
Actual Field Capacity 0.061 ha/hr to 0.219 ha/hr
 References
AMDP. 1991. Catalogue of Commercially Available Agricultural
Machines in the Philippines. Agricultural Mechanization Development
Program. CEAT, UPLB, College, Laguna. 178pp.
AMTEC. Hand Tractors Test Data Bulletin. Agricultural Machinery
Testing and Evaluation Center. UPLB, College, Laguna. 28pp.
Aranguren, D.C. Test of Walking-Type Agricultural Tractor. Handout
Sheet. Training on Testing and Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery.
UPLB, College, Laguna. 19pp.
Campbell, J. K. 1990. Dibble Sticks, Donkeys, and Diesel.
International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
329pp.
IRRI. Small Farm Equipment for Developing Countries. Proceedings
of the International conference on Small Farm Equipment for
Developing Countries: Past Experiences and future Priorities. IRRI.
P.O. Bax 933. Manila Philippines. 629pp.
Kawamura, N. Tillage Machinery. Handout Sheet. JICA
Agricultural Machinery Management Course. Japan. 28pp
Tadeos, B.D., Torizzo, F.M. and D. Glee Clough. Development
and Testing of a Rear Mounted Rotor Assembly and Float
Attachement in the Philippines-Made Power Tiller. In: Philippine
Agricultural Engineering Journal. Vol. XXIII. No. 1 First Quarter
1994. Pp. 3-12.
Thank you very much
and God bless!!!
Power Tiller at CPU-CARES
Engine Base
Hitch Point
Cage Wheel and Axle
Cage Wheel