Definition of motivation

Motivation is defined as “The willingness to exert

high level of effort towards organizational goals
,conditioned by efforts ability to satisfy some
individual needs.”
 Content Motivation Theories
Content motivation theories:

focus on identifying people’s needs in order to understand

what motivates them.

 Needs Hierarchy
 ERG Theory
 Two-Factor Theory
 Need Hierarchy Theory
Maslow’s theory of motivation that is based on five needs.
Needs are arranged in order of importance.
Each level must be at least minimally satisfied before
motivation to satisfy a higher level will occur
People have five classification of needs.
• Physiological needs (food, air, water, rest, exercise,
shelter)
• Safety needs (needs to be protected from danger,
threat, or deprivation)
• Social needs (need for belonging, for association, for
acceptance by colleagues, and for friendship and love)
• Esteem needs (re­lated to self-esteem, and related to
one’s reputation)
• Self-actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self
Actualization

Esteem

Social

Safety

Physiological
 Two-factor Theory:
Two-factor Theory: Herzberg’s classification of
needs as hygienes and motivators.

Hygienes Factors (Needs): (physiological,

safety, and social/existence and relatedness
needs)

 Extrinsic Factors: (Dissatisfaction, No Dissatisfaction)

Pay, Status, Job security, Fringe benefits, Policies and
administrative practices, Human Relations
 Two-factor Theory:
Motivator Factors (Needs): (esteem and self-
actualization/growth needs)

 Intrinsic Factors: (No Job Satisfaction, Job

Satisfaction

 Meaningful and challenging work, recognition for

accomplishments, feeling of achievement,
increased responsibility, opportunity for growth,
opportunity for advancement
 ERG Theory
Alderfer’s simplification of Maslow’s needs
categories.
 Needs are arranged in order of importance.
 Unsatisfied needs motivate individuals.
 People have three classification of needs.
• Existence (physiological and safety)
• Relatedness (social)
• Growth (esteem and self-actualization)
 Classification of Needs by
Three Theories of Motivation