1947-53: • India

Exploration • Afghanistan
and • Security concerns
Friendship
• Cold War politics
with all
• Muslim countries
 1953-62: • Alignment with the West
Alignment – Agreements
with the West – Economic and military
dependence
• China
• Factors for Alliance
• Benefits
• Costs
 1962-71: • Rethinking Alignment policy
Transition • Better relations with China and
Russia
• US not the priority
• Pluralistic perspective
• 1971 crisis and world response
 • Joined NAM in 1979
1972-79: • Bhutto-Indra era
Bilateralism • OIC Summit and healthy
relations with the Muslim World
• Strong relations with the US,
China, and Soviets
• Recognition of Bangladesh
• Role in Nixon visit to China
• Indian PNE in 1974 and
Pakistan’s Islamic Bomb
 1980-90: • Soviet Invasion
Afghanistan • Effects of Pakistan-US
and Partnership
partnership
with the US
• Iran-Gulf War
 • Major issues:
1990-2001: – US U-turn in relations

Post Cold – Afghan Problem

War Era and

– Kashmir insurgency
– Nuclear explosion
Pakistan’s – Weak Economy

Dilemmas – Political instability

• Issues with India:

– Kashmir and militancy
– Nuclear tensions
– Kargil crisis
– Idea of Composite Dialogue
 2001 • Change in Afghan Policy
Onwards: • Change in Kashmir Policy
Counter- • Non-NATOAlly

terrorism • Change in relations with India

• Nuclear safety and security
 Latest • Issues/areas of focus:
Picture of – Terrorism
– Nuclear issue
Foreign – CPEC
Policy of – Gulf Issue
Pakistan – Relations with the West
– Isolation
– Neighbours
– Kashmir
 Issues in • Lack of Realism
Pakistan’s • Short-term policies
Foreign • Lack of Professionalism
Policy • Lack of performance of
foreign office
• Inactive Parliament and its
standing committees
Determinants of • Ideology
Foreign Policy • Historical Legacy
of Pakistan • Geographical Location
• Indian Threat
• Economic Compulsion
• Security Threat (Military
Influence)
Question • What are the strengths of
foreign policy of Pakistan
and how can we
project/use those?
PAKISTAN-
US
FOREIGN
POLICY
Ups • Mutual Defence Agreement 1954
• SEATO and CENTO
• China-US introduction
• Afghan-Soviet War
• Ally of WoT
Downs • 1965 and 1971 war
• 1974 Indian PNE
• 1985 Presslar Amendment
• 1990-2001 Isolation
• 1998 Nuclear Test
• WoT and Do More
• 2004 Drones
• 2011: a black year
• 2005 US NSG deal with India
Main Events • US-Pakistan Strategic Dialogue
• Core Areas:
1) Energy
2) Security, Strategic Stability, and
Nonproliferation;
3) The Defense Consultative Group;
4) Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism;
5) Economics and Finance;
6) Education, Science, and Technology.
Main Events: • Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan
Act of 2009
– Kerry-Lugar Bill
– Non-military aid
– $1.5bn annually
 Current • Terrorism and Taliban
Issues: US • Nuclear safety and security
concerns • Democracy in Pakistan
• Human Rights violations
• Relations with India
• Pakistan’s proximity with China
• Misuse of aid
• Role of ISI
 Current • Historical Pattern of dumping
Issues: Pakistan
• US Afghanistan policy
Pakistani
• US proximity with India
Concerns
• Military sell
• Unequal treatment on nuclear
issues
Relations • India
under • Aid
Donald • Terrorism
Trump: • Trade
• Immigration Policy