Resolving the Jammu and

Kashmir Dispute
An Imperative for Regional Peace
Dr. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema

Presenting: M.Shaban Gill

 Origins of the Dispute
• • Conflict dates back to 1947, post-Partition.
• • Dispute over J&K's accession to India or
Pakistan.
• • Geographical logic and majority preference
suggested alignment with Pakistan, but
Maharaja's decision favored India.
 Perspectives and Claims
• India:
• • Asserts J&K as an integral part due to
Maharaja's accession.

• Pakistan:
• • Views accession as fraudulent, advocates for
a plebiscite.

• Kashmiris:
International Interventions and UN
Resolutions
• • UNSC proposed ceasefire, demilitarization,
and plebiscite.
• • Resolutions accepted but not fully
implemented.
• • Ongoing disputes and regional instability.
 Human Rights Violations
• • Severe abuses, particularly in Indian-
administered Kashmir.
• • Limited global action against perpetrators.
• • Need for sustained international attention
and action.
 Pathways to Peace
• 1. Flexibility and Realpolitik between nations.
• 2. Strengthening SAARC for regional
cooperation.
• 3. Proactive role by the UN and international
actors in mediation.
 Conclusion
• • Peace hinges on a just resolution of the
Kashmir dispute.
• • Calls for earnest efforts from India, Pakistan,
and the international community.
• • The UN's role is critical in ensuring peace
and fulfilling the right to self-determination.
Global Powers and Security in
South Asia
Summarizing Dr. Christian Wagner's
Analysis
 Security Challenges in South Asia
• • Blend of conventional and non-conventional
threats.
• • Territorial disputes, nuclear tensions,
terrorism, and climate change.
• • Significant events: End of Sri Lanka civil war
(2009), Improved security in Pakistan's tribal
areas.
 Historical Security Architectures
• • Emerged during Cold War.
• • Key initiatives: Non-Proliferation Treaty,
Conference on Security and Co-operation in
Europe, ASEAN Regional Forum.
• • Aimed at diplomatic and normative
frameworks for security.
 Global Powers in South Asia
• • Shifts in strategic alignments post-Cold War
and post-9/11.
• • Key players: USA, China, Russia.
• • Notable projects: Belt and Road Initiative,
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
 Security Concerns: Non-
Proliferation and Terrorism
• • Nuclear non-proliferation challenges with
India and Pakistan.
• • Terrorism as a major international and
regional threat.
• • Limited regional cooperation among South
Asian countries.
 Towards a Cooperative Security
Order
• • Economic development initiatives like BRI
could foster regional connectivity.
• • Challenges include political disputes and
economic dependencies.
• • Responsibility lies with regional actors for
innovative solutions.
 Conclusion
• • Global powers play a significant role, but
regional cooperation is crucial.
• • Need for varied, issue-specific security
orders in South Asia.
• • Importance of innovative and cooperative
solutions by regional actors.