Chapter – 11

Functional Grammar
 NOUN

Countable noun Un countable noun

Common Noun Proper Noun

Material Noun

Collective Noun

Abstract Noun
 Verb

Main Verb Auxiliary Verb

Basic Auxiliary

Modal Auxiliary
 Types of Sentences

Structural Division Functional Types

Assertive (Statement)
Simple
Interrogative (Question)
Imperative (Order ,Request
Complex ,Advice)
Optative (Desire, wish)
Compound Exclamatory (Surprise,
Wonder , Joy , Shock)
 Simple Sentences
A Simple Sentences is the most basic elements
that make it a sentence ; a subject, a verb & a
complete thought.

Example – The train was late

“The Train” = Subject,

“Was” = Object
 Compound Sentence
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up
of two independent clauses ( or complete
sentences) connected to one another with a
Coordinating Conjunction.
Example –

Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
 Complex Sentences
A Complex Sentence is made up on an Independent Clause
& one or more Dependent Clauses connected to it. A
Dependent Clause is similar to an Independent Clause , or
complete sentence, but it lacks one of the elements that
would make it a complete sentence.
Example -
 He wrote a letter
 He wrote it for a certain reason
 He wrote it to his superior
 He told me about this.
He told me that he had written a letter
to his superior for a certain reason.