PRESENTATION

ON
MOTIVATION THEORIES
BY
ANAND SHREENIVAS
 MOTIVATION THEORIES
 Theory X (Autocratic Style)
 Theory Y (Democratic Style)

 Theory Z (Japanese Model)

 THEORY X & THEORY Y

 Formulator: Douglas McGregor

 Origin: The Human Side Of Enterprise

 Contents: Assumptions about the

nature of human beings based on their
approach to work
 THEORY X
Theory X is based on the following assumptions:
 Management is responsible for organizing elements of
production-men, material, machine, money.
 The average human being is passive. Hence he must be
persuaded, rewarded, punished and properly directed.
 He has an inherent dislike for work and avoid if he can.
 He lacks ambition, dislikes responsibility and prefers to be
led.
 He is self-centered and indifferent to organizational goals.
 He resists to change.
 He is gullible( can be easily deceived), not very bright.
Essentially, Theory X assumes that people work only for
money and security
 WHAT CAN MANAGEMENT DO ?
Theory X - The Hard approach and Soft approach
 The Hard approach relies on coercion,
implicit threats, close supervision, and tight
controls,
 The Soft approach makes use of money,
praise etc. with the hope that in return, employee
would co-operate when asked to do so.
 THEORY Y
Theory Y recognizes the interdependence of the leader and
the led. It is based on the following general assumptions.
 The work can be as natural as play or rest.

 Man will exercise self-control and self-direction in the

service of objectives if he is committed to them.
 People will be committed to their objectives if proper
rewards are in place that address higher needs such as Ego
and Self actualization needs.
 Under proper conditions, people will not shun
responsibility but they learn to accept responsibility and
also to seek it.
 A high degree of imagination and creativity are present in
human beings.
 WHAT CAN MANAGEMENT DO?
If Theory Y is adopted then the management can do many
things to harness the potentials of its employees:
 Job Enlargement: Broadening the scope of an employee's
job adds variety and opportunities to satisfy ego needs.
 Decentralization and Delegation: If firms decentralize
control and reduce the number of levels of management,
each manager will have more subordinates and
consequently will be forced to delegate some
responsibility and decision making to them.
 Participative Management: Consulting employees in the
decision making process taps their creative capacity and
provides them with some control over their work
environment.
 THEORY Z - JAPANESE MODEL
 Formulator: William G. Ouchi

 Contents: Characteristics Of Business

Organizations In Japan

 Objective: To offer solutions to

motivation and production problems
 FEATURES OF THEORY Z
 Lifetime Employment
 Collective Decision-Making
 Collective Responsibility
 Non-specialised Career Paths
 Slow Evaluation and Promotion
 Holistic Concern and Mechanism
 Care Of Worker’s Family
 Participative Leadership
 Equality
 Company-wide Unions with Harmonious Relations
ANY QUESTIONS ?