Steam drum-

1) Risers discharge into the drum a mixture of

water,steam,foam and sludge.
2) Any moisture carried with steam to the SH tubes contains
dissolved salts. Water evaporates and the salts remain
deposited on the inside surface of the tubes to form a
scale.
3) This scale reduces the rate of heat absorption, ultimately
leading to the failure of the SH tubes by overheating and
rapture.
4) Some of the impurities in the steam may be vaporized
silica, which may cause turbine blade deposits.
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 Function of steam drum-
1) To store water and steam sufficiently to meet
varying load requirement.
2) To aid in circulation.
3) To separate vapour or steam from water-steam
mixture.
4) To provide enough surface area for liquid-vapour
disengagement.
5) To maintain a certain desired ppm in the drum
water by phosphate injection and blowdown.
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 Drum internals-
1) Baffle plate.
2) Cyclone separator- centrifugal force is much
greater than gravity force for separation.
3) Steam dryer/scrubber- steam goes through
the zig-zag path in corrugated sheet on the
way out to remove the last traces of
moisture.

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 Boiler drum internal

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 Primary boiler drum steam separator

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 Steam drum internals-
1) The function of the steam drum internals is to separate
the water from the steam generated in the furnace
walls and to reduce the dissolved solids contents of the
steam to below the prescribed limit of 1 ppm.
2) wet steam entering the drum from the riser tubes and
furnace walls is collected in a compartment , formed by
internal baffles. From this compartment the steam is
first led through two rows of turbo separators. Each
turbo separator consists of a primary stage and a
secondary stage.

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 Steam drum internals-
3) The primary stage is formed by two concentric cans. Spinner blades
impart a centrifugal motion to the mixture of steam and water,
flowing upward through the inner can, thereby throwing the water to
the outside and forcing the steam to the inside. The water is arrested
by a skim-off lip above the spinner blades and returned to the lower
part of the drum through the annulus between the two cans. The
steam proceeds up to the secondary separator stage.
4) The secondary stage consists of two opposed banks of closely spaced
thin corrugated sheets which direct the steam through a tortuous
path and force remaining entrained water against the corrugated
plates. Since the velocity is relatively low, this water does not get
picked up again, but runs down the plates and off the second stage
lips at the two steam outlets.

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 Steam drum internals-
5) From the secondary separators the steam
flows uniformly and with relatively low
velocity upward to the series of screen dryers,
extending in layers across the length of the
drum. These screens perform the final stage of
separation.

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