INTEGRATION

APPLICATION-1
Lecture
by
JK Gondwe

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LECTURE OBJECTIVES

Use integration to find area of a region

bounded by a curve and a straight line

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AREA UNDER A CURVE
• It is important to sketch the graphs before you
attempt the question

• In general, to find the area between two functions

y  f(x) and g(x) such that y  f(x)  g(x) and
bouded by the lines parallel to the y - axis, x  a and x  b
such b  a
Area    f(x)  g(x) dx
b

a
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A curve above the x-axis

y  f (x)

a b
b
Area   f ( x)dx
a

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A curve below the x-axis

a b

b y  f (x)
Area  
a
f ( x)dx
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A curve and a straight

Determine the area of the region bounded by

 
y  2 x 2  10  and y  4 x  16 .

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Cont’d
- Make a sketch of the functions

- Since intersection points cannot be

easily identified, determine them
by equating the two equations
2 x 2  10  4 x  16
i.e. points of intersection are at x  1 and x  3
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Cont’d
y  4 x  16

y  2 x 2  10

-1 3

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Area under a curve
Area    upper function    lower function  dx
b

   4 x  16    2 x 2  10  dx
3

-1
3
   2 x 2  4 x  6 dx
-1
3
 2 3 
 - x  2 x  6 x 
2

 3  1
64

3
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Exercise
Determine the area of the region
 
bounded by y  2 x  10  and
2

y  4 x  16 from x  -2 to x  5.

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Sketch

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Solution
142
3

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Negative Areas

Find the area enclosed by the

curve y  4 x and the x - axis bounded by the
3

line x  -2 and x  2

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Sketch of the curve

-2
2

2
4 2
Area   4 x  x
3
2 2

09/09/20  0 ???? 14
Area under A

B
-2

A 2

0
4 0
Area   4 x  x3
 16 (negative area)
2 2

Note : the length of the strip in A was taken

09/09/20 as y which is negative for that part of the curve 15
Area under A

0
4 0
Area   4 x  x
3
 16 (negative area)
2 2

The minus sign only refers to the relative

09/09/20
position to the x - axis, the actual area is 16
16
Area under B

2
4 2
Area   4 x  x3
 16 (positive area)
0 0

Note : the length of the strip in B was taken

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as y which is positive for that part of the curve
17
Cont’d
The area bounded by y  4 x is 3

2 0
 4x   4 x  32
3 3
0 2

Note : It' s impotant to sketch the curve and

care must be taken for curves that cross the
x - axis between the boundary values.
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Exercise

Find the area enclosed between the curve

y  x x  1 x  2 and the x - axis

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Cont’d

.Sketch the graph of the function

.Note where it cuts the x - axis

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solution

1
2

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