Objectives

Review topics discussed in last class

IP Address Part - II
How to set an IP address
Cabling Methods
IP Addressing scheme
CLASS First octet range Network ID octets Host ID octets No. of Hosts

A 1 - 126 1ST OCTET ONLY 2ND,3RD & 4TH 16,777,214

OCTETS
B 128 - 191 1ST AND 2ND 3RD & 4TH OCTETS 65,534
OCTETS
C 192 - 223 1ST, 2ND & 3RD 4TH OCTET ONLY 254
OCTETS
D 224 - 239 NA NA NA

E 240 - 254 NA NA NA
Subnet Mask
• A subnet (short for "subnetwork") is separate part of an organization's
network. Typically, a subnet may represent all the machines at one
geographic location, in one building, or on the same local area network
(LAN).
• When we set an IP address its Subnet Mask is auto set by the OS.
• Subnet mask is a mask used to determine what subnet an IP address
belongs to. An IP address has two components, the network address and
the host address.
• Subnet will separate the Network ID octets and the Host ID octets of
the address
• It will also determine the maximum no. of Hosts that can be connected
to the network
Default Subnet Mask
Subnet Mask
• It can be represented in 3 formats:
• Binary
• Format consists of a pattern of all ones and zeros

• Prefix
• Also known as slash format
• Represented after IP address by a ‘/’

• Dotted Decimal Notation (DDN)

• Format consists of four octets
• Values are represented in decimal format (0 - 255) and separated by dots
Subnetting & Supernetting
• If needed we can change the default subnet mask to perform
subnetting & supernetting

• Subnetting is the process of reducing the no. of host in a given subnet

to increase number of networks

• Supernetting is the process of combining several IP Classes to create a

bigger network (more Hosts)
Rules of IP Address
• When assigning IP to devices we need to set them with Private IP
address

• Public IP addresses should not be used in private networks as it may

overlap with IP’s on the internet and create a conflict within our
network only

• Private IP addresses are shown in the table in next slide

Private IP & Public IP
Types of Addresses
1. Broadcast (one to all)

2. Unicast (one to one)

3. Multicast (one to many)

 How communication takes place within the
network
• Local networks sends all traffic to all computers that sits on the same
network subnet.

• All signals/messages sent within the network are in the form of

packets (in some cases also referred to as frames)
MAC DATA PACKET
PC0 to PC2
PC2 to PC0
Assigning a Static IPv4 address
1. Open control Panel > Select Network and Internet
2. From the Network and Internet control panel, click Network and
Sharing Center
3. Click the Change adapter settings link
4. From the Network Connections window, double-click the network
adapter icon as shown below
5. You are then taken to the Local Area
Connection Status window from here,
you can click the Properties button.
6. Highlight Internet Protocol Version 4
(TCP/IPv4) and click the Properties button
7. In this windows we can enter
the following information:

• IP address & subnet mask

• default gateway
• DNS server

Click OK to complete the

process.
• If a static IP is not set and the computer is unable to contact the DHCP
server the computer will itself generate a IP address using the APIPA
feature (Automatic Private IP Addressing )

• The APIPA feature allows a networked device to self-assign an IP

address from the 169.254.0.0/16 network

• To check the IP assigned to our computer we can use the following

DOS command ipconfig OR ipconfig/all
Cabling Methods
• There are 3 types of clamping methods
A. Cross over
• An crossover cable is used to connect computing devices together directly. It
is most often used to connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two
computers (via network interface controller) or two switches to each other.

B. Straight through
• This is used when interconnecting different type of devices: e.g. computer to
hub, computer to switch

C. Rollover Cable
• This is used to create console cable for manageable switches and routers
 Cross over Cable
PIN No. END 1 END 2

1 HALF HALF GREEN

ORANGE
2 ORANGE GREEN

3 HALF GREEN HALF

ORANGE
4 BLUE BLUE

5 HALF BLUE HALF BLUE

6 GREEN ORANGE

7 HALF BROWN HALF BROWN

8 BROWN BROWN
Straight Through
PIN No. END 1 END 2

1 HALF HALF
ORANGE ORANGE
2 ORANGE ORANGE

3 HALF GREEN HALF GREEN

4 BLUE BLUE

5 HALF BLUE HALF BLUE

6 GREEN GREEN

7 HALF BROWN HALF BROWN

8 BROWN BROWN
Thank you all