ANALISIS DATA SOUNDING

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PENGERTIAN STABILITAS
1. LABIL = KEADAAN UDARA SANGAT
BASAH DAN LEMBAB, MUDAH UTK
PERTUMBUHAN AWAN KONVEKTIV
SECARA VERTIKAL, AWAN RENDAH
2. STABIL = KEADAAN UDARA NETRAL
(TIDAK TERLALU LEMBAB, UMUMNYA
AWAN TUMBUH SECARA HORIZONTAL ,
AWAN MENENGAH ATAU AWAN STRATUS
3. INVERSI = PERTUMBUHAN AWAN SECARA
HORIZONTAL DEKAT PERMUKAAN
BUMI,UMUMNYA AWAN STRATUS ATAU
AWAN SC

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 Umumnya digunakan untuk
Severe Thunderstorm
Requirements
 One of the first things we look for is
conditional instability.
 We look at soundings to see if there is a
potential for severe weather later in the
day.

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PEMAHAMAN MELALUI SKEW T

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Atmospheric Stability

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Inversion layer example

Very stable layer

probably defining
the top of the
boundary layer.

Very stable layers

where temperature
increases with height
are called ‘inversions’.

Top of the BL often

capped by an
inversion – tends to
trap pollution in BL
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CONTOH TAMPILAN Skew T-log

Strong
inversion
near ground

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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Basic Idea: Unsaturated Air

Use the observed atmospheric temperature profile to determine

the stability of an unsaturated air parcel after vertical displacement

Assume: Upward displacement

• The air parcel will always cool at

the dry adiabatic lapse rate (Γd)

• Compare Γd to the observed

Height
lapse rate (Γ) Γd
(parcel)
• Will the new parcel temperature Γ
(environment)
be colder than, warmer than,
or equivalent to the nearby
environment? Temperature

Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin
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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Criteria for Unsaturated Air Parcel:

Stable: Γ

Height
Parcel becomes Downward Parcel will
Γd
  d colder
than nearby
Buoyancy
Force
return to
original
environment location
Temperature

Neutral:
Parcel becomes No Parcel will Γ
  d

Height
equivalent to Buoyancy remain
the nearby Force at new Γd
environment location

Temperature
Unstable:
Parcel becomes Upward Parcel will Γd
  d

Height
warmer Buoyancy move
than nearby Force further away
environment from original Γ
location
Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin Temperature
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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Basic Idea: Saturated Air

Use the observed atmospheric temperature profile to determine

the stability of a saturated air parcel after vertical displacement

Assume: Upward displacement

• The air parcel will always cool at the
pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate (Γs) Γs
(parcel)
• Compare Γs to the observed

Height
lapse rate (Γ)
• Will the new parcel temperature Γ
(environment)
be colder than, warmer than,
or equivalent to the nearby
environment? Temperature

Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin
10
Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Criteria for Saturated Air Parcel:

Stable: Γ

Height
Parcel becomes Downward Parcel will
Γs
  s colder
than nearby
Buoyancy
Force
return to
original
environment location
Temperature

Neutral:
Parcel becomes No Parcel will Γ
  s

Height
equivalent to Buoyancy remain
the nearby at new Γs
Force
environment location

Temperature
Unstable:
Parcel becomes Upward Parcel will Γs
  s

Height
warmer Buoyancy move
than nearby Force further away Γ
environment from original
location
Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin Temperature
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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Combined Criteria for Moist Air (either saturated or unsaturated):

Absolutely Unstable:

Unsaturated Saturated Γd
Γ  Γd  Γs parcel becomes parcel becomes Γs

Height
warmer warmer
than nearby than nearby
Γ
environment environment

Temperature

Dry Neutral:

Unsaturated Saturated Γd
Γ  Γd  Γs parcel becomes parcel becomes Γs

Height
equivalent to warmer Γ
the nearby than nearby
environment environment

Temperature

Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin
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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Combined Criteria for Moist Air (either saturated or unsaturated):

Conditionally Unstable:

Unsaturated Saturated
Γ
Γd  Γ  Γs parcel becomes parcel becomes Γs

Height
colder warmer Γd
than nearby than nearby
environment environment

Temperature

 The vertical temperature profile at most locations in our atmosphere

is conditionally unstable

• This is an important special case that we will return to in a little bit…

Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin
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Atmospheric Stability Analysis
Combined Criteria for Moist Air (either saturated or unsaturated):

Moist Neutral:

Unsaturated Saturated Γ
Γd  Γ  Γs parcel becomes parcel becomes Γs

Height
colder equivalent to Γd
than nearby the nearby
environment environment

Temperature

Absolutely Stable:

Unsaturated Saturated
Γs Γ
Γd  Γs  Γ parcel becomes parcel becomes

Height
colder colder Γd
than nearby than nearby
environment environment

Temperature

Thermodynamics M. D. Eastin
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Stable and Unstable Air

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