CHANGES OF STATE

Presented by:
Lee Matthew P. Borlagdan
Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Institute of Technology
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering and Technology 3-3
 “
There are three states of matter, but what state one is
in that matters. – Amit Abraham
4
DEFINITION OF CHANGES OF STATE
 CHANGES OF STATE

◉Referred as the Physical changes in matter.

◉Reversible changes in state that doesn't manipulate
the matter's chemical properties.
◉Common Changes of State are listed as melting,
freezing, sublimation, deposition, condensation, and
evaporation.
CHANGES OF STATE IN MATTER
In This Presentation, we
will only talk about the
Changes of State present
in Air Conditioning
Systems:
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Freezing
 EVAPORATION
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EVAPORATION
◉ Heat applied to a liquid substance
will create vapor, and this process is
called Evaporation.
◉ An example of this is boiling water.
The steam that a boiling water
produce is the vapor of the liquid
substance.
IN AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEMS
Evaporation occurs on the Evaporator. The
High pressure, High temperature liquid
refrigerant from the condenser will be
gradually converted as a low pressure,
low temperature gas as it enters the
Evaporator through the Metering Device
(TXV).
 SENSING BULB
SUCTION LINE DISCHARGE LINE
E
V C
A O
P N
O D
COMPRESSOR
R E
A N
T LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE S
O E
R R

METERING DEVICE
LIQUID LINE

EVAPORATION HAPPENS HERE

 CONDENSATION
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CONDENSATION IN AIR CONDITIONING

◉ The removal of heat from a vapor substance
will convert it back to a liquid substance. This
SYSTEMS
change of state is called Condensation.
Condensation is present in the Condenser.
◉ An example of this is the fog building up in
The high pressure, High temperature gas
glasses. Boil a small amount of water in a pot
and place a glass of cold water on top of it. from the compressor will gradually be
Notice that as the vapor of the boiling water converted to a High pressure, High
touches the glass' surface, the surface will be temperature liquid as it enters the
damp. The damp water around the glass of cold
water's surface is the condensed vapor of the Condenser through the discharge line.
boiling water.
 CONDENSATION HAPPENS HERE
SENSING BULB
SUCTION LINE DISCHARGE LINE
E
V C
A O
P N
O D
COMPRESSOR
R E
A N
T LOW SIDE HIGH SIDE S
O E
R R

METERING DEVICE
 FREEZING

A liquid substance that is

placed on a surface with 0°C
will turn to a solid. This
change of state is called
Freezing.
Anything above 0°C or the
Freezing point still contains a
small amount of heat.
IN AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

FREEZING SHOULD NEVER OCCUR

AND MUST BE AVOIDED
 FREEZING
Use charts to explain your ideas

FREEZING CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO COMPONENTS, REDUCING THE

EFFICIENCY OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM

If freezing occurs, check if

LOW LOW LOW

AIRFLOW REFRIGERAN DRAINAGE
T LEVEL
 FREEZING

LOW AIR FLOW LOW REFRIGERANT LOW DRAINAGE

LEVEL
A common suspect of Air Without proper drainage, condensed
Conditioning system freeze. A good water will remain inside the Air
Insufficient Refrigerant levels can
Air Flow should be sustained to allow Conditioning system and will
cause an Air Conditioning system to
the warm air to circulate to the unit to eventually freeze. During the cooling
freeze up. When the refrigerant levels
keep the coils cold. Without enough process, water vapor changes its state
are low, the coils will be too cold,
warm air, the coils will freeze over into liquid through condensation, then
allowing them to freeze.
time. drains outside the drain pan or
Hire a licensed repair man to outside.
Common causes of poor airflow are
monitor the refrigerant levels and
dirty air filters, closed air registers, The casual presence of leaves,
perform troubleshooting.
and a faulty fan unit. sticks, and foreign objects on the
drain hole can also block the Air
Conditioning system's drainage
THANK YOU!
BORLAGDAN, Lee Matthew P.
DMET 3 - 3
 REFERENCES

◉ 3 reasons why your HVAC is freezing up. Cool Masters. (2019, January 25). Retrieved
October 12, 2021, from https://www.coolmastershvac.com/3-reasons-why-your-hvac-is-
freezing-up/.
◉ Ariazone Automotive & Industrial Refrigerant Services. (n.d.). Changes of State. In
Automotive Air Conditioning Training Manual (p. 7). essay.
◉ Changes of State. Learn BPS (Bismarck Public School). (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2021,
from https://learnbps.bismarckschools.org/mod/book/view.php?id=89463&chapterid=38139.
◉ StudiousGuy. (2021, April 1). 9 condensation examples in daily life. StudiousGuy. Retrieved
October 12, 2021, from https://studiousguy.com/condensation-examples/.