UNIT- I

Introduction to DBMS
Data & Database
Database Systems
Concepts & Meaning
Disadvantages of File Handling System
Advantage & Disadvantage of Database Approach
Database Languages
DBA & DBU
Data Model
System Structure
 Basic terminologies of DBMS

Entity is any real world object

Data is information related to entity/ entities

Database-management system is a collection of

interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data
 Applications of DBMS

1. Banking
2. Railway reservation
3. Online transactions
4. Airlines
5. Universities
6. Telecommunications
7. Sales
8. Manufacturing
9. Human resource
Disadvantages of Traditional File Handling
System

Data Redundancy and Inconsistency

Difficulty in accessing data
Data Isolation
Integrity Problems
Atomicity Problems
Concurrent access anomalies
Security Problems
 Advantages of DBMS

Data Redundancy and Inconsistency is avoided

No Difficulty in accessing data
Data Isolation is quite easy
Integrity Problems are eliminated
Atomicity Problems are reduced
Concurrent access anomalies is possible
Security to the data is possible
 Disadvantages of DBMS

 Confidentiality,
Privacy and Security
 Requirement of Qualified Personnel
 Complexity
 The cost DBMS software
 Levels of Data Abstraction

Physical Level
Logical level
View Level
View level
View 1 View 2 View 3

Logical
Level

Physical
Level
 Instances & Schema

Collection of information (Data) stored in the database at

particular moment is called as Instance of the database

The overall design of the database is called as the Database

Schema
 Types of Schema

The Physical Schema describes the design of database at

Physical Level
The Logical Schema describes the design of database at
Logical Level

Unit II, III, IV & V

 Data Independence

Physical Data Independence

Logical Data Independence
 Physical Data Independence

Application programs are in Physical Data Independence if

they do not depend on the physical schema. Hence there is no
need to rewrite the application programmes if the physical
schema is modified.
 Physical Data Independence

Example
Consider the image of customer and image of his signature
are uploaded in the bank. The images are in BMP format and
then it is converted into JPG format.
Now if the application programmes are in Physical Data
Independence then there is no need to rewrite the various
application programmes where image of the customer and
image of the signature appears.
 Logical Data Independence

Application programs are in Logical Data Independence if

they do not depend on the logical schema. Hence there is no
need to rewrite the application programmes if the logical
schema is modified.
 Logical Data Independence

Example
20 digits are reserved for FIRST name of the customer in the
bank. According to new banking policy, the limit is increase
upto 50 digits.
Now if the application programmes are in Logical Data
Independence then there is no need to rewrite the various
application programmes where FIRST name of the customer
appears.
 Database Administrator

Privileges & Responsibilities of DBA

Schema Definition
Storage Structure & Access Method Definition
Schema & Physical Organization Modification
Granting of Authorization for Data Access
Routine Maintenance
 Database User

Naive User
Application Programmer
Sophisticated User
Specialized User
 DBMS Languages

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Creation of table
Creation of view
Creation of form

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Retrieval of data
Insertion of data
Modification of data
Deletion of data
DBMS Architecture
Un Data Model
it I
II
II
 Relational Model Unit
 Entity Relationship Model
 Object Based Data Model
 Semi structured Data Model
THANK YOU