TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY (TOUNGOO)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

FIELD VOLTAGE CONTROL WITH PID CONTROLLER

DEFENCE
2.10.2018

Supervised by Presented by
Daw Soe Soe Win Ma Su Myat Kay Khaing
Daw Win Theingi VIBEEP-102
 Outline of Presentation
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Aim and Objective
 Problem Statement
 Excitation System of Synchronous Generator
 Modeling of diesel synchronous generator excitation System for Simulation
 Simulation Results of propose synchronous generator excitation system with
PID controller
 Compare simulation result of with PID controller and without PID controller.
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Abstract
 The essential features of diesel engine plant are
discussed. The basic theory of diesel engine is explained.
 The modeling and simulation result of 2MVA, 6-pole,
1500 (rpm), 400V, 50 Hz diesel synchronous generator is
described in detail in order to generate electrical power
concerned with the diesel energy.
 This thesis concentrates on modeling the diesel
generator, in order to use the models and simulations of
for developing and testing advanced PID controllers for
the excitation system.
 Introduction
 This thesis discussed the modeling of diesel generators in
order to integrate them in the simulation of field excitation
systems.
 After the theoretical analysis is completed, matlab simulation
software is adopted in simulation
 Based on simulation results of synchronous machine
excitation systems, PID controller model structure
representing synchronous machine excitation system is better,
reliable and stable than other controller.
 Aim and Objective
 This thesis aims to develop a PID controller, it
functions such as maintaining of the terminal
voltage of the synchronous generator constant
even for the change in load, this is achieved by
varying the field current flowing through the
field coils of synchronous generator.
 Maintain the terminal voltage of the
synchronous generator constant inspite of the
load change on it.
 Problem Statement
 Maintaining of the terminal voltage of the
synchronous machine constant and unaffected
by the load variations on it.
 Supply of the required field current through the
field coils to have a stable magnetic coupling
between stator and rotor.
 Maintain the load angle within specified limits
so as to run the synchronous generator in stable
condition.
Excitation System of Synchronous Generator

 The excitation system is provided by a small

synchronous machine connected on the same
shaft as the main synchronous generator.
 The excitation system must be able to
automatically adjust the field current to maintain
the required terminal voltage.
 The Exciter is a small synchronous machine
rated 8.1 kVA, 400 V, 50Hz, 1500 RPM. The
Exciter output voltage would be 12 V.
Block diagram of diesel synchronous generator
system with PID controller
System Parameters using PID Controller
SYSTEM PARAMETERS VALUES
Main synchronous machine 2MVA
Exciter machine 8.1 KVA, 400V
Primary load 50KW
Secondary load 1000KW
Proportional gain 13.8964
Integral gain 1.7606
Derivative gain 0.9706
Block Parameters of Synchronous Generator
No. Parameters Symbol Values Unit

1 Nominal Power Pn 2  10 6
VA

2 Speed (8.1kVA and 2MVA) N 1500 RPM

3 line-to-line voltage V 400 kV

4 Frequency F 50 Hz
Unsaturated d axis synchronous
5 Xd 0.995 p.u
reactance
6 Unsaturated d axis transient reactance  0.382 p.u
Xd
Unsaturated d axis sub transient 
7 Xd 0.252 p.u
reactance
Unsaturated q axis synchronous
8 Xq 0.677 p.u
reactance
Xq
Unsaturated q axis sub transient
9 0.258 p.u
reactance
10 Leakage reactance XL 0.18 p.u
d axis transient short circuit time
11 Td  1.01 s
constant
d axis sub-transient short circuit time
12 Td  0.053 s
constant
13
q axis sub-transient open circuit time  0.1 s
constant Tq o

14 stator resistance Rs 0.76 x10-3 p.u

15 the inertia constant H 112.852 s

16 Pole pair p 2 -

16 Field voltage Vf 1 p.u

Block Parameters of Synchronous Generator
No. Parameters Symbol Values Unit

1 Nominal Power Pn 2  10 6
VA

2 Speed (8.1kVA and 2MVA) N 1500 RPM

3 line-to-line voltage V 400 kV

4 Frequency F 50 Hz
Unsaturated d axis synchronous
5 Xd 0.995 p.u
reactance
6 Unsaturated d axis transient reactance X d 0.382 p.u
Unsaturated d axis sub transient
7 Xd 0.252 p.u
reactance
Unsaturated q axis synchronous
8 Xq 0.677 p.u
reactance
9
Unsaturated q axis sub transient  0.258 p.u
reactance Xq

10 Leakage reactance XL 0.18 p.u

d axis transient short circuit time
11 Td  1.01 s
constant
d axis sub-transient short circuit time 
12 Td 0.053 s
constant
13
q axis sub-transient open circuit time  0.1 s
constant Tq o
-3
14 stator resistance Rs 0.76 x10 p.u

15 the inertia constant H 112.852 s

16 Pole pair p 2 -

16 Field voltage Vf 1 p.u

 Overall Block System of Diesel
Synchronous Generator with PI Controller
Exciter Voltage and Exciter Current with PI
(KP = 10, KI = 8)
Synchronous Generator Output Voltage
with PI (KP = 10, KI = 8)
 Field Current, Field Voltage and Shaft
speed With PI controller (KP = 10, KI = 8)
Synchronous generator output voltage (p.u) with
PI Controller (Kp= 13.8964, KI= 1.7606 )
Overall Block System of Diesel Synchronous
Generator with PID Controller
Exciter Voltage and Exciter Current with
PID controller
Synchronous Generator Output Voltage with PID (KP =
0, KI = 0.044023, KD = 0)
Synchronous Generator Output Voltage with PID ( KP =
1.2926, KI = 0.39065, KD = -0.50535)
Synchronous Generator Output Voltage with PID
( KP = 13.8964, KI = 1.7606, KD = 0.9706)
Field Current, Field Voltage and Shaft
speed With PID controller
 Discussion
 The thesis discussed the modeling of diesel generators in order
to integrate them in the simulation of field excitation systems.
 The synchronous generator is a 2 MVA, 400V, 50 Hz, 1500
RPM machine driven by a diesel motor.
 The Exciter is a small synchronous machine rated 8.1 kVA,
400 V, 50Hz, 1500 RPM. The Exciter output voltage would be
12 V.
 This thesis has shown a basic application of MATLAB for
diesel synchronous generator exaction system.
 Conclusion
 A complete model for the exaction voltage of synchronous
generator output voltage of diesel generator plant for
synchronous machine system was implemented using
MATLAB/SIMULINK.
 Simulation result of synchronous generator output voltage
with the PID controller is better than the result of PI
controller because the error is very less in case of PID
controller.
 In this thesis, different types of controllers are designed
and the stability of total plant is studied by using Bode plot
in MATLAB.
 Reference
 [1] Cao, Y. and Ma, J.: Research on PID parameters
optimization of synchronous generator excitation control
system, International Conference on Critical Infrastructure
(CRIS),. 1-5, Sept. 20-22, (2010).
 [2]Siemens, S.: Electrical Engineering Handbook, Berlin,
Munchen and John Wiley and Sons Limited, (1985).
 [3] Bakshi, M. V. and Bakshi U.: DC Machines and
Synchronous Machines, Technical Publications, (2007).
 [4] Ma Thandar New 2013. “ Design and Simulation of
Synchronous Generator field voltage control for Hydro power
plant”.ME Thesis. Yangon Technological University, Yangon.
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