Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HVDC TRANSMISSION
TOPICS
Introduction to HVDC transmission
•AC Generation and Transmission
•Advantages of HVDC
• Principles of AC /DC Transmission
•Thyristor Evolution
•Conversion principles
•Analysis of 12 pulse bridge
•Operation of HVDC
•Types of HVDC
•Salient features of Talcher-Kolar HVDC
REASONS FOR AC GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION
.
Advantages of HVDC
ADVANTAGES OF HVDC OVER HVAC TRANSMISSION
Line Cost AC
Line Cost DC
Terminal Cost DC
Terminal Cost AC
Up to 600 MW AC AC
50 Hz 60 Hz
Types of HVDC
HVDC represents the most
economical solution to
transmit electrical energy
over distances greater than
approx. 600 km
Solution: HVDC Long
Distance
Long Distance Transmission
Up to 3000 MW AC AC
DC line
Types of HVDC
HVDC is an alternative for
submarine transmission.
Economical even for shorter
distances such as a few
10km/miles
Solution: HVDC Cable
Long Submarine Transmission
Up to 600 MW AC AC
DC cable
HVDC BIPOLAR LINKS IN INDIA
NER
NER
NR
NR
ER
ER
RIHAND-DELHI -- 2*750 MW
SR
SR
CHANDRAPUR-PADGE – 2* 750 MW
TALCHER-KOLAR – 2*1000 MW
ER TO SR
SILERU-BARASORE - 100 MW
EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT
ER –SR
HVDC IN INDIA
Bipolar
HVDC LINK CONNECTING CAPACITY LINE
REGION (MW) LENGTH
NER
NER
NR
NR
ER
ER
DC AS A MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
This has been possible with advent of
High power/ high current capability thyristors
&
Fast acting computerised controls
The Evolution of Thyristor Valves in HVDC
1 3 5
Ls iA
E1
Ls iB
V'd Vd
Ls iC
4 6 2
Id
Voltage and Current of an Ideal
Diode 6 Pulse Converter
Alpha = 0
Overlap =
0
Operation of Converter
• Each thyristor conducts for 120º
• Every 60º one Thyristor from +ve limb and one Thyristor
from –ve limb is triggered
• Triggering can be delayed from this point and this is called firing
angle α
• This delay is called over lap angle μ and the reactance called
commutating reactance. This also causes additional drop in the voltage
Ideal No-Load Condition
1 3
C
A Vd
B
2
Effect of Control Angle
1
3
u u u
α α α
C
A Vd
B
2
RECTIFIER VOLTAGE
INVERTER VOLTAGE
DC Terminal Voltage
RECTIFICATION
E .√ 2
0.866E .√ 2 LL
LL
α+ α 0.866E .√ 2
u u LL
Q
A S A
120 180 240 300 R 60 120 180
0
u
u u P
E .√ 2
LL
B EG J L N
D
H M
C F K
60 60 60
Valve Voltage and Valve Current
R AS R
120º 180 º 240 º 60 º 120 º 180 º
0
B α
E .√ 2
LL
12-Pulse Convertor Bridge
cos α Vdio I
cos γ
Id Xc
2
Id Er
IdRL Id Xc
2
IdEr
DC CABLE or O/H LINE
VdR =VdioR cosα -Id Xc+Er VdI =VdioI (cosα -Id Xc+Er
2 2
Control of DC Voltage
A C S A y Cs t eS
Relationship of DC Voltage Ud and Firing
Angle α
α
α
+ U d
α = 0o α = 30o α = 60o
ωt
ωt
How does HVDC
Operate?
NORMAL POWER DIRECTION
REVERSE POWER OPERATION
Schematic of HVDC
Modes of Operation
Bipolar
Smoothing Reactor DC OH Line Smoothing Reactor
Thyristor
Thyristor
Valves
Valves
Current
Converter Converter
Transformer Transformer
Current
400 kV 400 kV
AC Bus AC Bus
Thyristor
Thyristor
Valves
Valves
400 kV 400 kV
AC Bus AC Bus
AC Filters, AC Filters
Reactors
Modes of Operation
Monopolar Metallic Return
Smoothing Reactor DC OH Line Smoothing Reactor
Thyristor
Thyristor
Valves
Valves
400 kV 400 kV
AC Bus AC Bus
AC Filters, AC Filters
Reactors
MODES OF OPERATION
TALCHER KOLAR
SCHEMATIC TALCHER
Electrode
Station
Electrode
Station
KOLAR +/- 500 KV DC line
1370 KM
Kolar
400kv System
220kv system
Hosur
Hoody
B’lore Chintamani
Salem Madras
Cudappah Udumalpet
Sharing of Talcher Power
17% 3%
• Tamil Nadu - 636 MW
• 32%
•
• Karnataka - 466 MW 25%
T.N. A.P.
• Kerala - 330 MW Karnataka Kerala
Pondy
• Pondicherry - 69 MW
KOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
TACLHER-KOLAR ± 500 kV HVDC TRANSMISSION SYTEM
• Project Highlights
– FOR TRANSMITTING 2000 MW OF POWER FROM NTPC TALCHER
STPS -II AND FOR SHARING AMOGEST SOUTHERN STATES THE
2000 MW HVDC BIPOLAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IS
ENVISAGED AS
EAST SOUTH INTERCONNECTOR II (ESICON –II).
– THIS IS THE LARGEST TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TAKEN UP IN
THE COUNTRY SO FAR
– THE PROJECT SCHEDULE IS QUITE CHALLENGING
• AGAINST THE 50 MONTHS FOR SUCH PROJECTS, THE
PROJECT SCHEDULE IS ONLY 39 MONTHS
• SCHEDULED COMPLETION BY JUNE 2003
• Project Highlights
– KEY DATES
AT TALCHER
TOTAL FILTERS – 12
DT 12/24 FILTERS EACH 120 MVAR - 6 NOS
DT 3/36 FILTERS EACH 97 MVAR - 3 NOS
SHUNT REACTORS 138 MVAR- 2 NOS
SHUNT CAPCITORS 138 MVAR- 1 NOS
DC FILTERS
AT KOLAR
TOTAL FILTERS – 14
DT 12/24 FILTERS EACH 120 MVAR - 6 NOS
DT 3/36 FILTERS EACH 97 MVAR - 3 NOS
SHUNT CAPCITORS 138 MVAR- 5 NOS
DC FILTERS
SYSTEM CAPACITIES
– MONOPOLAR GROUND RETURN - 1000 MW POWER CAN
BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE THE
RETURN PATH IS THROUGH THE GROUND WHICH IS
FACILITATED THROUGH A EARTH ELECTRODE STATION
SITUATED AT ABOUT 35 KMS FROM THE TERMINALS AND
CONNECTED BY A DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINE.