Sexual vs.

Asexual
Reproduction
Mitosis & Meiosis
 Essential Questions
• What is the difference between sexual and asexual
reproduction? (Mitosis & Meiosis)

• What types of organisms produce sexually?

Asexually?

• What are the advantages and disadvantages to each

type of reproduction?
 Mitosis
• Mitosis is used for:
• Growth
• Cell Replacement
• Regeneration
• Asexual Reproduction
 Mitosis
• The process of mitosis occurs when a cell copies its
genetic information once and then divides once.

• For example: When human skin cell undergo

mitosis they start with 46 chromosomes, those
chromosomes make a copy of themselves, then the
cell divides, giving each of the new cells a copy.

• The result is two identical cells with 46

chromosomes each.
 Some animals
reproduce by mitosis.
Asexual
Reproduction
 Hydra
(Budding)
The hydra is a tiny
water animal that
usually begins life as a
bud that grows on the
body of its parent.
When fully developed,
the young hydra
detaches itself and
lives independently.
 Bacteria (Fission)

Streptococcus

Escherichia coli
(E.coli)

Anthrax
 Planaria
(Regeneration)

•Planarians normally reproduce by pulling in two.

•The fragments then regenerate their missing parts.
Sea Stars
 Strawberries
(tubers)

Houseplants
(cuttings)
 Advantages or Disadvantage?
• Only one parent is needed so the
organism can reproduce at anytime.

• Because there is only one “parent” there

is no genetic variation. The “child” is an
exact duplicate.
 Sexual Reproduction
• This occurs when two parent cells come
together to form a new organism
(zygote).

• The parent cells often called sex cells

(eggs and sperm) are formed in a process
called meiosis.
 Meiosis
• When meiosis occurs the genetic information is
copied once and the cell divides twice.

• Each new gamete cell contains only one-half of

the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

• In humans the result is 4 sex cells each with 23

chromosomes rather than the usual 46.
 Sexual Reproduction
• When the egg and the sperm unite they form a
new organism called a zygote.
• In humans the offspring inherits 23
chromosomes from the mother and 23
chromosomes from the father thus giving them
a full set of 46 chromosomes.
• The offspring therefore has characteristics of
both parents.
 Advantage or Disadvantage?
• Sexual reproduction results in greater
genetic variation.
• Genetic variation is very beneficial in
the process of natural selection.
• Sexual reproduction does require two
parents.
Organisms that reproduce Sexually
Lions
Dogs
Rabbits
Mosquitoes
Sunflowers
Salmon
People
How many organisms are
needed for asexual
reproduction?
1
What is the end result
of mitosis?
2 identical daughter cells
What are the different
uses for mitosis?
New cells, growth and development,
reproduction
What are some examples
of organisms that
reproduce asexually?
How many times is the
genetic information
copied in Meiosis?
1
How many times does the
cell divide in meiosis?
2
What is the end result
of Meiosis?
4 cells with half as many
chromosomes.
Once the sperm fertilizes
the egg in a human how
many chromosomes are
present in the
23+23=46
zygote?
 After fertilization what
process allows the zygote
to grow into a baby?
Mitosis