ENGSC 2343 – Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 8

HW#7 due by Friday, 4-1-05 @ 5:00 p.m.

Chapter 8 - Problems: 22, 28, 70, 102, 113

8-1
Some Concepts and Definitions
 Laminar flow  Multiple pipe systems
 Transitional flow  Noncircular conduits
 Turbulent flow  Major losses
 Reynold’s number  Friction factor
 Entrance region  Relative roughness
 Poiseuille’s law  Minor losses
 Moody chart  Loss coefficient
 Colebrook formula

8-2
8.1 - Laminar vs. Turbulent flow

Figure 8.3 8-3

8.1 - Laminar vs. Turbulent flow

Figure 8.4 8-4

8.1 – Entrance region & fully
developed flow

e
 0.06 Re for laminar flow
D

 4.4 Re  for turbulent flow

e 1/6

8-5
8.2 - Laminar flow
Laminar flow has a parabolic velocity profile, so that the
velocity at any distance from the centerline,

 pD 
2   2r  
2
  2r  2 
u (r )    1      Vc 1    
 16    D     D  

  2r  2 
where centerline velocity, Vc  1    
  D  
8-6
8.2 - Laminar flow
By definition, the average velocity is the flowrate
divided by the cross-sectional area:

R Vc Vc pD
2 2
V   
2R 2
2 32 
and
D p 4
Q
128
8-7
8.2 - Laminar flow
Poiseuille’s law is valid for laminar flow only!

R Vc Vc pD
2 2
V   
2R 2
2 32 
and
D p 4
Q
128
8-8
8.2 - Laminar flow in pipes
Velocity and Volumetric flow for laminar flow:

V 
 p   sin   D 2
and Q 
D 4  p   sin  
32  128

Figure 8.10 8-9

8.2 - Laminar flow in pipes
From dimensional analysis: p  f (V , , D,  )
Dp  
  
V D
Following derivation on pg. 457… we get:
 V 2
p  f
D 2
And the Darcy friction factor is:
64
f 
Re 8-10
8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes
For steady, incompressible turbulent flow in a horizontal
round pipe:
p  f (V , , D,  ,  ,  )

Darcy-Weisbach equation:
2
V
hL  f
D 2
8-11
8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes
Figure 8.20 - Moody diagram

8-12
8.4 - Turbulent flow in pipes
Table 8.1 – Equivalent roughness table
Table 8.1    
Equivalent Roughness () for New Pipes

   
Pipe Feet Millimeters
Riveted Steel 0.003-0.03 0.9-9.0
Concrete 0.001-0.01 0.3-3.0
Wood stave 0.006-0.003 0.18-0.9
Cast iron 0.00085 0.26
Galvanized iron 0.0005 0.15

Commercial steel  
or wrought iron 0.00015 0.045
Drawn tubing 0.000005 0.0015 8-13
Plastic, glass 0.0 (smooth) 0.0 (smooth)
8.4 – Dimensional analysis of pipe flow
The Colebrook equation is
  
valid for the entire 1  D 2.51 
 2.0 log 
nonlaminar range of f  3.7 Re f 
 
the Moody chart:

The Moody chart and

Colebrook equation are
typically accurate
within 10%.
8-14
8.4 – Dimensional analysis of pipe flow
Minor Losses:

V2
hL  K L
2g

KL varies for contractions, expansions, elbows, bends,

tees, unions, and valves. (section 8.4)

8-15
Quiz #13

8-16
8.5.2 – Multiple pipe systems

8-17
8.6 – Pipe flowrate measurement

8-18