GRADES:

Throughout the semester you will accumulate points.

Each exercise/assignment submitted on time will earn 10
points. Late: 0
Each attendance will earn three points starting today. Late and
absent: 0
Each correct answer on a quiz and exam will earn 1 point.

The student with the highest points will

get the highest grade.
IF YOU MISSED 80% OF THE CLASS STARTING TODAY.
YOU WILL GET 5.
IF YOU FAIL TO SUBMIT 80% OF ASSIGNMENTS, YOU WILL
GET 5.
THIS IS NOT A TEST:

WHAT IS THE FIRST

THING THAT YOU
WOULD ASK A
PSYCHOLOGIST?
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY DEFINED

-THE WORD PSYCHOLOGY IS DERIVED

FROM THE TWO GREEK WORDS
PSYCHE (MIND OR SOUL) AND LOGOS
(STUDY).ITS IS THEREFORE THE
STUDY OF MIND OR SOUL.

-THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE

BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES.
WHAT IS BEHAVIOR?

-IT REFERS TO ANYTHING WE

DO,THINK AND FEEL.
TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

1.COVERT-BEHAVIORAL PATTERN
KNOWN ONLY TO THE PERSON
EXPERIENCING IT.

2.OVERT-BEHAVIORAL PATTERN
WHICH CAN BE OBSERVED BY
OTHERS.
CLASSIFICATION OF BEHAVIOR

1.CONSCIOUS-BEHAVIORAL
RESPONSES AND PROCESSSES THAT
AN INDIVIDUAL IS AWARE OF.

2.UNCONSCIOUS-MENTAL
PROCESSES AND BODY REACTIONS
THAT THE INDIVIDUAL IS NOT AWARE
OF.
 HIGHLIGHTS IN THE HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
FORERUNNERS CONTRIBUTIONS

RENE DESCARTES ANIMAL STUDIES;REFLEX

ACTION
JOHN LOCKE IDEA OF TABULA RASA

FRANZ JOSEF GALL PHRENOLOGY

CHARLES DARWIN PUBLISHED “THE ORIGIN OF

SPECIES”
WILHELM WUNDT ESTABLISHED THE FIRST
PSYCHOLOGICAL
LABOROTORY IN
LEIPZIG,GERMANY
HERMAN VON HELMHOLTZ STUDIED THE SPEED OF
NERVE IMPULES
 HIGHLIGHTS IN THE HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
FORERUNNER CONTRIBUTION

ERNEST WEBER PHYSIOLOGY OF SENSE ORGAN

GUSTAV FECHNER PSYCHOPHYSICS

G.STANLEY HALL FIRST AMENICAN PH.D IN

PSYCHOLOGY,ESTABLISHED
THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGICAL
LABOROTORY FOR CHILDREN
AND ADOLESCENTS IN US.
JAMES CATTEL FORMULATED THE FIRST
QUESTIONNAIRE KNOWN
AS (16 PF).
WILLIAM JAMES PUBLISHED”PRINCIPLES OF
PSYCHOLOGY
 HIGHLIGHTS IN THE HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
FORERUNNER CONTRIBUTION
EDWARD TITCHENER CONTINUE TO PROPAGATE THE
STRUCTURALISM IN US.
EDWARD THORNDIKE PIONEERED ON TRIAL AND
ERROR LEARNING OF
ANIMALS USING PUZZLE BOX.
SIGMUND FREUD DEVELOPED
PSYCHOANALYSIS,
INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS
ALFRED BINET DEVELOPED THE
FIRSTINTELLIGENCE TEST
IN FRANCE.
IVAN PAVLOV PROPONENT OF CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
 HIGHLIGHTS IN THE HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
FORERUNNER CONTRIBUTION
MAX WERTHEIMER DESCRIBE THE ORGANIZATION
PROCESSES THROUGH
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY.
JOHN WATSON ADVOCATED BEHAVIORISM.
JEAN PIAGET PROPAGATED COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY.
BF SKINNER PROPONENT OF OPERANT
CONDITIONING.
ABRAHAM MASLOW ESTABLISHED THE
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY.
SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY
 STRUCTURALISM
 FOUNDERS: WILHELM WUNDT,EDWARD
TITCHENER

 MAJOR EMPHASES: THE IMPORTANCE OF

THOUGHT PROCESS AND THE STRUCTURE OF
THE MIND. IDENTIFICATION OF THE
ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING: TRAINED

INTROSPECTION.
 FUNCTIONALISM
 FOUNDERS: WILLIAM JAMES,JIHN DEWEY

 MAJOR EMPHASES: THE IMPOTANCE OF

APPLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL FINDINGS TO
PRACTICAL SITUATIONS. THE FUNCTION OF
MENTAL PROCESSES IN ADOPTING TO
ENVIRONMENT.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING:
INTROSPECTION,EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
AND COMPARATIVE METHOD
 PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
 FOUNDERS: SIGMUND FREUD, CARL JUNG

 MAJOR EMPHASES:THE INFLUENCE OF THE

UNCONCIOUS ON BEHAVIOR . THE
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY LIFE EXPERIENCE ON
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING:INDIVIDUAL CASE

STUDY OF THE PATIENT.
 GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
 FOUNDERS: MAX WERTHEIMER,WOLFGANG
KOHLER,KURT KOFFKA

 MAJOR EMPHASES:THE IMPORTANCE OF

ORGANIZATION AND CONTEXT IN THE
PERCEPTION OF MEANINGFUL WHOLES.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING:PERCEPTION
EXPERIMENT
 BEHAVIORIS
M
 FOUNDERS: JOHN WATSON,B.F
SKINNER, EDWARD THORNDIKE

 MAJOR EMPHASES: THE IMPOTANCE OF

OBJECTIVE,OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR IN THE
STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY. THE CONVICTION
THAT BEHAVIORS ARE MERE RESPONSES TO
EXTERNAL STIMULI.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING:
EXPERIMENTS, PRIMARILY ON LEARNING
AND OFTEN DONE WITH ANIMALS.
 HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
 FOUNDERS: CARL ROGERS, ABRAHAM
MASLOW

 MAJOR EMPHASES: THE IMPORTANCE OF

PEOPLE’S FEELINGS. THE VIEW OF HUMAN
NATURE AS NATURALLY POSITIVE AND
GROWTH SEEKING, AND FAITH IN PEOPLE’S
ABILITY TO SOLVE THEIR OWN PROBLEMS.

 TECHNIQUES OF STUDYING:INTERVIEW
TECHIQUE.
 METHODS OF STUDY USED IN PSYCHOLOGY

 RESEARCH-IS A CRITICAL INQUIRY OR

CAREFUL EXAMINATION IN SEEKING FACTS.

 OBSERVATION-THE MOST WIDELY USED

METHOD. THIS IS DEPENDENT ON OVERT
BEHAVIOR.
 KINDS OF OBSERVATION
 UNCONTROLLED/INFORMAL- IT DOES NOT
FOLLOW ANY PARTICULAR BEHAVIOR TO BE
OBSERVED. IT IS CASUAL AND THE
PSYCHOLOGIST IS FREETO OBSERVE ANY
ACTIVITY THAT COMES HIS WAYS WITHOUT ANY
FORMAL RECORDING OF BEHAVIOR.
 NATURALISTIC- IT IS THE OBSERVATION OF
THINGS AS THEY NATURALLY HAPPENED. ITS IS
ALSO CALLED THE FIELD STUDY METHOD.
 CONTROLLED/FORMAL- IT FOLLOWS CERTAIN
RULES,FACTORS OR CONTROL IN GATHERING
MATERIALS IN ORDER TO DRAW THE BEST
CONCLUSIONS.
LIFE HISTORY- THIS INVOLVES EXTENSIVE
STUDIES OF INDIVIDUALS BY TRACING THE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICULAR FORM
OF BEHAVIOR.

A.DAYBOOK METHOD-IT IS THE DIARY OF

DEVELOPMENT; NORMALLY A RECORD OF
DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES USED IN CHILD
DEVELOPMENT.

B.CLINICAL METHOD-IT CONTAINS THE

EMOTIONAL AND THE PERSONALITY
ADJUSTMENT OF HUMAN BEINGS. THIS IS
OBTAINED FROM MEDICAL/HOSPITAL
RECORDS.
C. CASE HISTORY-THE PARENTS
PROVIDE THE DATA ABOUT THE
INDIVIDUAL BEING STUDIED BY
PSYCHOLOGIST TO DISCOVER THE
CAUSE OF AND SOLUTION TO SOME
SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS.

D.BIOLOGICAL METHOD-IT TELLS

ABOUT THE LIVES OF PERSON BASED
ON THE REMEMBERED EVENTS AND
RECORD WRITTEN ON THEIR OWN BY
THE INDIVIDUAL THEMSELVES.
SURVEY/GROUP METHOD-IT IS DONE
THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRES OR
INTERVIEWS WHEN DIRECT
OBSERVATION IS NOT FEASIBLE.

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD-THIS
METHOD STUDIES BEHAVIOR IN THE
LABOROTORY AND NORMALLY UNDER
CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.
 FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY

 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

 COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY

 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

 CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

 INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

 PARANORMAL PSYCHOLOGY