GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
(MATH 001)
MR. ROMMEL R. ILAGAN, LPT
Mathematics Teacher
 FUNCTIONS
After the class discussion, you are expected to:
Recall concepts of relations and functions;
Define and explain functional relationships as a
mathematical model of situation; and
Represent real-life situations using functions, including
piece-wise function.
 Let’s Investigate
A group of students is organizing a World
Cuisine Festival. The total cost for the food
and other expenses for the festival is ₱18,
000. the entrance ticket to the festival costs
₱350 each. How many tickets must be sold
for them to make a profit of ₱35, 200?
 RELATION
It is any set of ordered pairs (x, y)
DOMAIN(x) - the set of all first elements of
the ordered pairs
RANGE (y) – the set of all second elements
 RELATION
TYPES OF RELATION
one-to-one
one-to-many
many-to-one
 FUNCTION
 It is a relation or rule of correspondence
between two elements (domain and range)
such that each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one element in the
range.
 FUNCTION
 TYPES OF RELATION CONSIDERED AS
FUNCTION
one-to-one
many-to-one
 Different Ways of Expressing Functions and
Relations
Set of Ordered Pairs
Table of Values
Mappings
Graphs
Equations
 Set of Ordered Pairs
• 
(x, y)
x-coordinate or the abscissa (DOMAIN)
y-coordinate or the ordinate (RANGE)

Domain =
Range =
 Set of Ordered Pairs
• 
B
Domain =
Range =
C
Domain =
Range =
 Table of Values
•  Set of ordered pairs can be written as a table of values still
composed of x and y-coordinates

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 2 3 4 5

Domain =
Range =
 Table of Values
x -1 -1 1 1 -2
y 0 1 -2 -1 -3
•  

Domain =
Range =
 Mappings
Functions can be written as mappings in
which the values on the left side(x-coordinates)
will be matched with the values on the right(y-
coordinates)
 Mappings
x y
a w
b x
c y
d z
 Mappings
x y

Zia
Ken
May
Jia
Jay
Pau
 Mappings
x y
3
6 -2
9 3
12
 Graph
The Vertical Line Test
A graph of a relation is a function if any
vertical line drawn passing through the graph
intersects it at exactly one point.
 Graph
The Vertical Line Test
1. Draw a vertical line passing through the graph in
the Rectangular Coordinate Plane
2. Determine the number of point/s of intersection
between the graph and the vertical line
 Equation
Guidelines to easily identify if an equation
is a function
1.There is y in the equation
2.The exponent of y is an odd number
3.y is not in the absolute value symbol
4.The relationship is in the equality form
 Equation
•  
 Equation
•  

 / 11x – 21/
 Functions as
representations of real-
life situations
 SCENARIO 1
• June and Mare are in a long-time
relationship until June realized that he
wants to marry Mae.
 If I said
We’re together yes, what
for the last 7 could you
years and I promise
believe you are me?
my forever. Will
you marry me?
I love you
I promise to too and I
love you will marry
forever, to be you.
faithful and
loyal to you
until may last
breath.
 SCENARIO 2
• Kim is naturally born Filipino but because
of her eyes, many people confused if she
is a Chinese. Let’s see how she responds
to her new classmates who are asking if
she’s a Chinese.
 No classmate! I was
born Filipino and my Haha, many
Hey classmate,
parents were also pure have said that.
are you a
Filipino. But my veins
Chinese?
run a pure
Kim, I thought Filipino blood.
you are a
Chinese Hey Kim, can
because of your you teach me
feature. some Chinese
language?
I love Chinese, but I’m sorry I can’t
teach you because I am Filipino. I
was born Filipino and will die as
Filipino
 SCENARIO 3
• As part of their requirements in
Statistics class, Andrei made a survey on
the religion of his classmates and here’s
what he found out.
 SCENARIO 3
• Good morning classmates, as our
requirements in Statistics may I know
your religion. This data will be part of
my input in the survey that I am doing.
 SCENARIO 3
Ana – I am Catholic.
Kervin – I am also a Catholic.
Sam – I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo
Joey – I am a Born Again Christian.
Lanie – My family is a Muslim.
Jen – We are sacred a Catholic Family.
Andrei – Thank you classmates for your responses.
The Function Machine
x

y
 The Function Machine
• Since output (y) is dependent on input (x), we can
•  

say that y is a function of x.

• Example – if a function machine always adds three
(3) to whatever you put in it.
• Therefore, we can derive an equation of
where f(x) = y.
 Example 1
• If a height (H) is a function of age (a), give a
function H that can represent the height of a
person in age (a), if every year the height is
added by 2 inches.
 Example 1
• Solution
•  

Since every year the height is added by 2

inches, then the height function is
 Example 2
• If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give
a function D that can represent the distance
a car travels in time (t), if every hour the car
can travels 60 kilometers.
 Example 2
••  
Solution
Since every hour, the car can travels 60
kilometers, therefore the distance function is
given by
 Example 3
• Given a function B that can represent the
amount of battery charge of a cellular phone
in hour (h), if 12% of battery was loss every
hour.
 Example 2
• Solution
•  

Since every hour losses 12% of the battery,

then the amount of battery function is
B
 Piecewise Function
• It is a function in which more than one formula
is used to define the output.
• Each formula has its own domain, and the
domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domain.
 Piecewise Function
• Example 1
A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular
mobile plan, which includes 200 free text messages.
Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each.
Represent the monthly cost for texting using the function
t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
 Piecewise Function
• Example 1

t(m)=
{ 250
250 + m
if 0 < m ≤ 200
if m > 200
 Piecewise Function
• Example 2
A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece.
However, if you buy more than 5 pieces they will
mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of
the number of chocolate bars bought.
 Piecewise Function
• Example 2

f(n)=
{ 50
48n
if 0 < n ≤ 5
if n > 5
 Piecewise Function
• Example 3
The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a
party is ₱250.00 per head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00
per head for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for
more than 100. represent the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees to the party.
 Piecewise Function
• Example 3
250 if n ≤ 50
c(h)=
{ 200
150
if 51≤ n ≤ 100
if n > 100