MUSCLES OF THE NECK

March 06, 2008.

MUSCLES OF THE NECK (MUSCULI CERVICIS)*

А) FIRST OR SUBCUTANEOUS GROUP

1) PLATYSMA

B) SECOND OR SUPERFICIAL GROUP

1) STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

C) THIRD OR MIDDLE GROUP

C1) SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES
C2) INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

D) FOURTH OR DEEP GROUP

D1) SCALENE MUSCLES
D2) PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES
 PLATYSMA
 A BROAD AND THIN SUBCUTANEOUS MUSCLE
 LOCATED BETWEEN THE DEEP SURFACE OF THE SKIN AND
INVESTING LAYER OF CERVICAL FASCIA
 SUPPLIED BY THE FACIAL NERVE
PLATYSMA  STRETCHES AND WRINKLES THE SKIN OF THE NECK

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLES (SCM)

 THE KEY MUSCULAR LANDMARK IN THE NECK
 ATTACHMENTS:
1) INFERIOR: MANUBRIUM OF THE STERNUM (STERNAL HEAD)
AND MEDIAL THIRD OF THE CLAVICLE
(CLAVICULAR HEAD)
2) SUPERIOR: THE MASTOID PROCESS OF THE
TEMPORAL BONE AND THE SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE
 INNERVATION: THE CERVICAL PLEXUS AND
THE EXTERNAL RAMUS OF THE ACCESSORY NERVE
SCM  ACTION:
- UNILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK ON THE
SAME SIDE (LATEROFLEXION) AND ROTATION OF
THE HEAD ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE
- BILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK
(ANTEROFLEXION)

 DIVIDES AND BOUNDS IMPORTANT SPACES!

 SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES (MM. SUPRAHYOIDEI)
 COVERED BY THE FASCIAE
 SUPPLIED BY THE CRANIAL NERVES
1
 ELEVATE HYOID BONE AND LARYNX DURING
SWALLOWING AND SPEAKING
2  FORM THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY
3
1 1) DIGASTRIC MUSCLE (TWO BELLIES)
 MANDIBULAR AND FACIAL NERVE
2) STYLOHYOID MUSCLE
 INNERVATION: FACIAL NERVE
3 3) MYLOHIOID MUSCLE
4
 INERRVATION: MANDIBULAR NERVE
4) GENIOHYOID MUSCLE
 INNERVATION: HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES (MM. INFRAHYOIDEI)
 COVERED BY THE PRETRACHEAL LAYER OF THE
4 CERVICAL FASCIA
 SUPPLIED BY THE CERVICAL PLEXUS
2
 DEPRESS HYOID BONE AND LARYNX DURING
1 3 SWALLOWING AND SPEAKING
1) STERNOHYOID MUSCLE
2) OMOHYOID MUSCLE
3) STERNOTHYROID MUSCLE
4) THYROHYOID MUSCLE
 SCALENE MUSCLES (MM. SCALENI)
 EXTEND FROM THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (C2-C7)
4
TO THE FIRST AND THE SECOND RIB
5  INNERVATION: CERVICAL PLEXUS
 ACTION:
- UNILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK ON THE
SAME SIDE (LATEROFLEXION) AND ROTATION
6 OF THE HEAD ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE
2
- BILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK
(ANTEROFLEXION)
1
- ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF THE INSPIRATION
3
1) ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE
2) MIDDLE SCALENE MUSCLE
3) POSTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE
 SCALENE FORAMINA:
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SCALENE FORAMEN*
PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES (MM. PREVERTEBRALES)
 LOCATED MEDIALLY FROM THE PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES, LIE ALONG THE
ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
 INNERVATION: CERVICAL PLEXUS
 ACTION: - UNILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK AND HEAD ON THE SAME SIDE
- BILATERALLY: FLEXION OF THE NECK (ANTEROFLEXION)
4) RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR M. 5) LONGUS CAPITIS M. 6) LONGUS COLLI M.
 TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
1) SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
 SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
1
4  SUBMANDIBULAR LYMPH NODES
 HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
2  FACIAL ARTERY AND VEIN

2) CAROTID TRIANGLE
3
 COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
 EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
5  INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
 INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
 VAGUS NERVE
 BRANCHES OF CERVICAL PLEXUS
 DEEP CERVICAL LYMPH NODES

4) SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
3) MUSCULAR (OMOTRACHEAL)  ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN
TRIANGLE  SUBMENTAL LYMPH NODES

 THYROID GLAND 5) OMOCLAVICULAR TRIANGLE

 PARATHYROID GLANDS
 EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
 SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
FASCIA OF THE NECK (CERVICAL FASCIA)

INVESTING LAYER OF CERVICAL FASCIA

 COVERING THE DEEP SURFACE OF THE PLATYSMA
 FORMS THE SHEATH FOR THE
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID AND TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE
 BOUNDS THE SUPRASTERNAL SPACE

PRETRACHEAL LAYER OF CERVICAL FASCIA

 FORMS THE SHEAT OF INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

PREVERTEBRAL LAYER OF CERVICAL FASCIA

 FORMS THE SHEAT OF PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES

VISCERAL SPACE OF THE NECK

 SPACE INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE PRETRACHEAL
AND PREVERTEBRAL LAYER OF CEVICAL FASCIA

CAROTID SHEAT

 TUBULAR COVERING OF THE CAROTID ARTERIES

Prof. dr Aleksandar Maliković
aleksa-m@eunet.yu