FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH

LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI – TANGERANG - BANTEN

MANUAL OF ANATOMY LABORATORY

Bernard SM Hutabarat; dr, PAK

BLOCK : MUSCULOSKELETAL ( MSK )

ODD SEMESTER ( III ) 2019 / 2020

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT

( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING )

GENERAL RULES AT THE DISSECTING ROOM.

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT ( THE DEAD TEACH THE

LIVING ) is an universal basic principle that must always be
remembered by every medical students and those who study Anatomy
on cadaver.
Universally, MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT means that medical students
learn from the dead so the cadavers also become their teacher.
Based on MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT every medical student
who works on cadavers must obey Code of Ethic of Anatomy as
follows :

Students :

1. 1.1Prepare him / herself for Laboratory practice, including :

1.2 Study the Lab. Manual accordingly before coming to Dissection Room.
1.3 Bring along Anatomy dissecting instruments ( minimum 1 for each group )
1.4 Must bring along Lab. Manual, Anatomy atlas and ( if necessary ) anatomy
lecture materials
1.5 Wear Laboratory dress properly
2 Respect the cadavers as the students respect their teachers.
3 NOT Allowed to take cadavers photo and video.
4 NOT make fun of cadavers or parts of the cadavers whatever the condition of the
cadavers or parts of the cadavers might be.
5 NOT throw part of the cadaver if his / her fellow student wants to borrow the
specimen
6 Give / take directly the specimen from his / her fellow student if he / she wants to
lend / borrow the specimen.
7 NOT damage cadavers or parts of the cadavers on purpose or for fun.
8 NOT playing during practise in the lab

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 LABORATORY WEEK ONE : MONDAY, AUGUST 5,6,8 ;2019

TOPIC : UPPER and LOWER EXTREMITY

( MEMBRI SUPERIORES et INFERIORES )

COMPETENTCY AREA : 5 ( APPLICATION OF ANATOMY AS SCIENTIFIC

BASE FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL BLOCK )

COMPETENTCY LEVEL : 4A ( ABLE TO IDENTIFY )

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to identify:

1. Bones of the lower extremity and their parts
2. Joints of the lower extremity
3. Difference between coxa and pelvic bone
4. Proximal and distal parts of each long bones of the lower extremity
5. Chopart and Lisfranc lines of amputations ( lineae amputationes Lisfranci et Choparti ).
6. Bones of the Upper limb ( ossa membri superioris ) and their parts.
7. Joints of the Upper limb
8. Proximal and distal parts of each long bones of the Upper limb

PROCEDURES :
1. Identify parts of the hip bone ( os coxa ).
1.1. Ilium. Look for :
2.1.1. Ala/Wing of ilium ( ala ossis ilii )
2.1.2. Iliac crest ( crista iliaca )
2.1.3. Anterior superior iliac spine ( sias : spina iliaca anterior superior )
2.1.4. Posterior superior iliac spine ( sips : spina iliaca posterior superior )
2.1.5. Iliac fossa ( fossa iliaca ). What is the name of the muscle that
originated from this fossa ?
2.1.6. Arcuate line ( linea arcuata )
2.1.7. Anterior, posterior and inferior gluteal lines ( lineae gluteae anterior,
posterior et inferior )
2.1.8. Body of ilium ( corpus ossis ilii )
2.1.9. Sacropelvic surface ( facies sacropelvica ) :
2.1.9.1. Auricular surface ( facies auricularis )
2.1.9.2. Iliac tuberosity ( tuberositas iliaca )
2.1.10.Discuss among the group with what bone do sacropelvic surface
articulate What is the name of that joint ?
1.2. Ischium. Look for
2.2.1. Body of ischium ( corpus ossis ischii )
2.2.2. Ischial spine ( spina ischiadica )
2.2.3. Ischial tuberosity ( tuber ischiadicum ):
2.2.4. Greater sciatic notch ( incisura ischiadica major )
2.2.5. Lesser sciatic notch ( incisura ischiadica minor )
2.2.6. Superior and inferior ischial ramus ( Rami superior et inferior ossis ischii )
1.3. Pubis. Look for :
2.3.1. Body of pubis ( corpus ossis pubis )
2.3.2. Pecten pubis , pectineal line ( pecten ossis pubis )
2.3.2. Iliopectine eminence ( eminentia iliopectinea )

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 2.3.3. Superior and inferior pubis ramus ( rami superior et inferior ossis pubis )
2.3.4. Discuss among the group what is the name of the joint between right and left
pubic bone
2.3.5. Discuss among the group what is the.name of the arc that located directly
underneath that joint. What is its clinical application ?
1.4. Acetabulum
1.5. Discuss among the group with what part of bone do acetabulum articulate ? What is
the name of that joint ?
1.6. Obturator foramen ( foramen obturatum )
1.7. Obturator groove ( sulcus obturatorius )
1.8. Discuss among the group what is the name of the structures that pass through
obturator groove
2. What are the differences between pelvic bone and coxa ? Discuss it !
3. Identify ⅓ proximal, ⅓ middle and ⅓ distal parts of the femur Look for :
3.1. ⅓ proximal parts of femur. Look for ::
4.1.1. Head of femur ( caput femoris )
4.1.2. Discuss among the group with what part of the bone do head of femur
Articulate. What is the name of that joint ?
4.1..3 Fovea for ligament of head ( fovea capitis femoris ). What is the name
of ligament that attached to that fovea? What is the clinical application
of that ligament ?
4.1.4. Neck of the femur ( collum femoris )
4.1.5. Greater trochanter ( trochanter major )
4.1.6. Lesser trochanter ( trochanter minor )
4.1.7. Intertrochanteric crest ( crista intertrochanterica )
4.1.8. Intertrochanteric line ( linea intertrochanterica )
3.2. ⅓ middle part ( shaft of femur ). Look for :
4.2.1. Linea aspera :
4.2.1.1. Lateral lip ( labium laterale )
4.2.1.2. Medial lip ( labium mediale )
4.2.2. Discuss among the group what is the name of the continuation of lateral and
medial lip of linea aspera at the proximal part of the femur .
4.2.3. Discuss among the group what is the name of the continuation of lateral and
medial lip of linea aspera at the distal part of the femur. What is the name of
the part bounded by that continuation ?
3.3. ⅓ distal parts. Look for :
4.3.1. Lateral condyle ( condylus lateralis femoris )
4.3.2. Medial condyle ( condylus medialis femoris )
4.3.3. At what part of the tibia do lateral and medial condyles articulate with?
What is the name of that joint ?
4.3.4. Discuss among the group what is the difference in diameter between
lateral and medial condyles ? What is the effect of that difference to
movement at the knee joint ?
4.3.5. Intercondylar fossa ( fossa intercondylaris )
4.3.8. Patellar surface ( facies patellaris )
4.3.9. Discuss among the group the name of the bone that patellar surface articulate
with. What is the name of that joint ?.
4. Identify at tibia :
4.1. Lateral condyle ( condylus lateralis tibiae )
4.2. Medial condyle ( condylus medialis tibiae )
4.3. Intercondylar eminence ( eminentia intercondylaris )

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 4.3.1. Lateral intercondylar tubercle ( tuberculum intercondylare laterale )
4.3.2. Medial intercondylar tubercle ( tuberculum intercondylare mediale )
4.4. Anterior intercondylar area ( area intercondylaris anterior )
4.5. Posterior intercondylar area ( area intercondylaris posterior )
4.6. Tibial tuberosity ( tuberositas tibiae )
4.7. Soleal line ( linea musculi solei, linea poplitea )
4.8. Mediial malleolus ( malleolus medialis ). With what bone do medial malleolus
articulate ? What is the name of the joint ?
4.9. Malleolar groove ( sulcus malleolaris ).
4.10. Discuss among the group what is anatomical structure that pass through malleolar
groove? What is clinical application of that anatomical structure ?
5. Identify at fibula. Look for :
5.3. Head of fibula ( caput fibulae )
5.4. Apex head ( apex capitis fibulae )
5.5. What is the name of the joint between head of fibula and tibia ?
5.6. Lateral malleolus ( malleolus lateralis )
5.7. Articular facet of lateral malleolus ( facies articularis malleoli lateralis ). With what
bone do this part articulate ? What is the name of the joint ?
5.8. Lateral malleolar fossa ( fossa malleolaris lateralis )
5.9. Discuss among the group :
5.9.1. Anatomical structure that pass through lateral malleolar fossa
5.9.2. Other name of lateral malleolar fossa in Latin word according to Basle
Nomina Anatomica ( BNA ).
6. Identify the tarsal bones ( ossa tarsi , ossa tarsaliae ) Look for :
6.3. Talus. Identify :
6.1.1. Head of talus ( caput tali )
6.1.2. Neck of talus ( collum tali )
6,1,3, Sulcus tali
6.1.4. Trochlea of talus ( trochlea tali ).
With what bone do this bone articulate ?
What is the name of the joint ?
6.1.5. Groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus ( sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris
hallucis longi )
6.4. Calcaneus. Identify :
6.2.1. Sustentaculum tali , talar shelf ( sustentaculum tali )
6.2.2. Calcaneal sulcus ( sulcus calcanei ).
6.2.3. Calcaneal tuberosity ( tuber calcanei )
6.3. Cuboid bone ( os cuboidea )
6.4. Cuneiform I , II and III ( ossa cuneiformiae I , I, et III )
6.5. Navicular bone ( os naviculare pedis )
7. Make reconstruction of sinus tarsi.
Discuss among the group components of sinus tarsi and its clinical application.
8. Identify Chopart and Lisfranc lines of amputation.
What is their clinical application ?

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Identify bones of the Upper limb ( ossa membri superioris ). Look for :
1. Bones of the pectoral/shoulder girdle ( cingulum pectorale/membri superioris ) :
1.1. Scapula. Identify its parts. Look for :
1.1.1. Superior, medial and lateral border ( margo superior, medialis et lateralis
scapulae )
1.1.2. Superior/medial, inferior and lateral/axillary angles ( anguli superior/medialis,
inferior et lateralis/axillaris scapulae ).
1.1.3. Identify anatomic structures located at lateral angle. Look for:
1.1.3.1. Glenoid cavity ( cavitas glenoidalis ).
Discuss among the group with what bone do glenoid cavity
articulate? What is the name of the joint?
1.1.3.2. Supraglenoid tubercle ( tuberculum supraglenoidale ).
What is the name of the muscle that originated from this tubercle ?
1.1.3.3. Infraglenoid tubercle ( tuberculum infraglenoidale ).
What is the name of the muscle that originated from this tubercle ?
1.1.4. Costal surface of scapula ( facies costalis/anterior scapulae )
1.1.5. Subscapular fossa ( fossa subscapularis scapulae ).
What is the name of the muscle located at this fossa?
1.1.6. Suprascapular notch ( incisura scapulae )
1.1.7. Discuss among the group
1.1.7.1. The name of the ligament that bridging suprascapular notch,
thence change it into hole ( foramen ). What is the name of that
foramen ?
1.1.7.2. What is the name of vessels and nerve that pass through the
foramen ? Describe their topographical position inside the
foramen.
1.1.8. Posterior surface of scapula. Look for :
1.1.8.1. Spine of scapula ( spina scapulae )
1.1.8.2. Acromion.
With what bone do acromion articulate? What is the name of the
joint ?
1.1.9. Supraspinous fossa ( fossa supraspinata ).
What is the name of the muscle located in this fossa ?
1.1.10. Infraspinous fossa ( fossa infraspinata ).
What is the name of the muscle located in this fossa ?
1.1.11. Coracoid process ( processus coracoideus )
1.2. Clavicle ( clavicula ). Identify its parts. Look for :
1.2.1. Acromial end ( extremitas acromialis ).
1.2.2. With what bone do acromial end articulate? What is the name of the joint ?
1.2.3. Sternal end ( extremitas sternalis ).
1.2.4. With what bone do sternal end articulate? What is the name of the joint ?
1.2.5. What is the difference between acromial and sternal end ?
1.2.6. Superior and inferior surfaces ( facies superior et inferior claviculae ).
What is the difference between those surfaces? What makes the difference?
1.2.7. Tuberosity for coracoclavicular ligament/conoid tubercle ( tuberositas
ligamenti coracolavicularis/tuberositas coracoclaviculare ).
1.2.8. Impression for costoclavicular ligament/costal tuberosity ( impressio ligamenti
costoclavicularis/tuberositas costalis ).

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 1.2.9. Subclavian groove ( sulcus musculi subclavii ).
2. Humerus.
2.1. Identify at the ⅓ proximal of humerus ( pars ⅓ proximalis humeri ) :
2.1.1. Head of humerus ( caput humeri ).
With what bone do caput humeri articulate? What is the name of the joint? What
is the type of the joint?
2.1.2. Anatomical neck ( collum anatomicum humei )
2.1.3. Lesser tubercle ( tuberculum minus humeri )
2.1.4. Crest of lesser tubercle ( crista tuberculi minoris humeri )
2.1.5. Greater tubercle ( tuberculum majus humeri )
2.1.6. Crest of greater tubercle ( crista tuberculi majoris humeri )
2.1.7. Intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove ( sulcus intertubercularis/sulcus
bicipitalis humeri ).
What is the name of anatomical structure that pass through intertubercular
sulcus?
2.1.8. Surgical neck ( collum chirurgicum humeri ).
Why does this part get that name?
What is the name of anatomical structures that pass through that surgical
neck?
2.2. Identify at the ⅓ middle part ( pars ⅓ medial humeri ) :
2.2.1. Deltoid tuberosity ( tuberositas deltoidea humeri )
What is the name of muscle located at that tuberosity ?
2.2.2. Radial/spiral groove/groove for radial nerve ( sulcus n. radialis/sulcus
spiralis ).
What is the name of the anatomic structures that located at this part ?
2.3. Identify at the ⅓ distal part ( pars ⅓ distalis humeri )
2.3.1. Lateral and medial epycondyles ( epicondyli lateralis et medialis humeri )
2.3.2. Trochlea ( trochlea humeri )
With what bone do trochlea articulate? What is the name of the joint?
2.3.3. Coronoid fossa ( fossa coronoidea humeri )
2.3.4. Capitulum ( capitulum humeri )
2.3.5. Olecranon fossa ( fossa olecranii humeri )
2.3.6. Groove for ulnar nerve ( sulcus nervi ulnaris humeri ).
3. Bones of lower arm ( Ossa antebrachii ) :
3.1. Radius
3.1.1.Identify at the ⅓ proximal ( pars ⅓ proximalis radii )
3.1.1.1. Head of radius ( caput radii )
3.1.1.2. Articular facet ( fovea articularis capituli radii )
3.1.1.3. Articular circumference ( circumferentia articularis radii ).
With what bone do articular circumference articulate? What is the name of
the joint?
3.1.1.4. Neck of radius ( collum radii )
3.1.1.5. Radial tuberosity ( tuberositas radii ).
What is the name of the muscle that located here ?. .
3.1.2 Identify at the middle ⅓ ( pars ⅓ medial radii ) :
. Pronator tuberosity ( tuberositas pronatoria ).
What is the name of the muscle located here ?
3.1.3. Identify at the ⅓ distal of radius ( pars ⅓ distalis radii )
3.1.3.1. Radial styloid process ( processus styloideus radii )
3.1.3.2. Ulnar notch ( incisura ulnaris radii )
3.1.3.3. Dorsal tubercle ( tuberculum dorsale ) ; contents ( medial to lateral ):

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 groove for extensor muscle tendons ( sulci tendinum musculorum
. extensorum digitorum communis et extensoris indicis, pollicis longi ,
et extensorum carpi radialum )
3.2. Ulna.
3.2.1. Identify at the ⅓ proximal part ( pars ⅓ proximalis ulnae )
3.2.1.1. Trochlear notch ( incisura trochlearis / semilunaris ulnae )
3.2.1.2. Coronoid process ( processus coronoideus )
3.2.1.3. Radial notch ( insura radialis ulnae )
3.2.1.4. Olecranon
3.2.1.5. Supinator crest ( crista musculi supinatoria ).
What is the name of the muscle located here ?
3.2.1.6. Tuberosity of ulnar ( tuberositas ulnae )
What is the name of the muscle located here ?
3.2.2. Identify at the ⅓ distal of ulna ( pars ⅓ distalis ulnae )
3.2.2.1. Head of ulna ( caput ulnae )
3.2.2.2. Articular circumference ( circumferentia articularis ulnae )
With what bone do articular circumfererice articulate? What is the name
of the joint?
.. 3.2.2.3. Ulnar styloid process ( processus styloideus ulnae )
3.2.2.4. Groove for extensor carpi ulnar muscle ( sulcus tendinis m. extensoris
carpi ulnaris )

3.3. Carpal bones ( Ossa carpi / carpaliae ) :

3.3.1. Scaphoid ( os scaphoideum / naviculare manus )
3.3.2. .Lunate ( os lunatum )
3.3.3. Triquetrum ( os triquetrum ) proximal row
3.3.4. Pisiform ( 0s pisiforme )
3.3.5. Trapezium ( os trapezium / os multangulum majus)
3.3.6. Trapezoid ( os trapezoidium / os multangulum minus)
3.3.7. Capitate ( os capitatum ) distal row
3.3.8. Hamate ( os hamatum )
Mnemonic : Nikmat lebih terasa pada malam minggu karena hiburan

SPECIMENS :

1. Bones of the upper and lower extremity ( Ossa membri superiores et inferiores )
2. Cadaver
3. Plastinates

REFERENCES

1. Atlas of Anatomy
2. Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies 2nd edit;
Terminologia Anatomica
3. Lecture materials

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4. Textbook of Anatomy

INSTRUCTORS

1. Bernard SM Hutabarat,dr,PAK
2. Stefanus S. Sumali,dr,MBiomed
3. Deisy Budiono,dr

GOD SPEED AND BLESS THE STUDENTS.