WEEK ONE : MONDAY, AUGUST 9, 2021

TOPICS : CNS AND VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to identify :

1. Parts of the cranium and basis cranii
2. Component of the central nervous system (hemisphere, cerebellum, brain stem,
spinal cord)
3. Major parts of the brain and the lobes of the cerebral cortex
4. The ventricular system & circulation of CSF

PROCEDURES :
1. Identify cranial fossa at the specimen. Look for :
1.1. Anterior cranial fossa ( Fossa cranii anterior )
1.2. Middle cranial fossa ( Fossa cranii media )
1.3. Posterior cranial fossa ( Fossa cranii posterior ) :
2.3.1. Occipital fossa ( Fossa occipitalis )
2.3.2. Cerebellar fossa ( Fossa cerebellaris )
2.3.3. What is the name of anatomic structure that separate occipital from
cerebellar fossa ?
2. Discuss among the group which parts of the brain located in those cranial fossa?
3. Identify the component of Central Nervous System at the specimen. Look for :
3.1. Brain ( Encephalon ). Look for :
3.1.1. Right and left cerebral hemispheres ( Hemispheriae cerebrales
dextra et sinistra ).
3.1.2. Diencephalon
3.1.1. Brain stem ( Truncus encephalicus ) *
3.1.1.1. Mesencephalon
3.1.1.2. Pons Varoli
3.1.1.3. Medulla oblongata
* Notes : Some scientists divide Brain stem into :
3.1.1.1. Supratentorial part ( pars supratentorial ) : Diencephalon
3.1.1.2. Infratentorial part ( pars infratentorial ):
3.1.1.2.1. Mesencephalon
3.1.1.2.2. Pons Varoli
3.1.1.2.3. Medulla oblongata
3.2. Spinal cord ( Medulla spinalis )
4. Identify characteristics , parts and lobes of the brain at the specimen. Look for :
4.1. Sulci and gyri
4.2. Longitudinal fissure of the brain ( Fissura longitudinalis cerebri )
4.3. Corpus callosum
4.4. Central sulcus of Roland ( Sulcus centralis Rolandi )
4.5. Precentral gyrus of the brain ( gyrus precentralis )
4.6. Postcentral gyrus of the brain ( gyrus postcentralis )
4.7. Lateral sulcus of Sylvii ( Sulcus lateralis Sylvii )
4.8. Frontal lobe ( lobus frontalis cerebri )
4.9. Parietal lobe ( lobus parietalis cerebri )
4.10. Temporal lobe ( lobus temporalis cerebri )
4.11. Occipital lobe ( lobus occipitalis cerebri )
4.12. Insula ( lobus insularis )
5. Identify at the specimen the Ventricular system and their outlets Look for :

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 5.1. Lateral ventricles ( Ventriculi laterales )
5.2. Interventricular foramen of Monro ( foramen interventriculare Monroi )
5.3. Third ventricle ( ventriculus tertius )
5.4. Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvi ( Aquaedeuctus cerebri Sylvii )
5.5. Fourth ventricle ( ventriculus quartus )

WEEK THREE : WEDNESDAY , AUGUST 23,25 ; 2021

TOPICS : BRAIN AND CEREBROVASCULAR

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to :

1. Identify components of the central nervous system at the specimens

2. Identify major parts of the brain and the lobes of the cerebral cortex
3. Identify parts of the subcortical structures, including basal ganglia , thalamus, hypothalamus,
fornix and hyppocampal
4. Name the main arteries that supply the Central Nervous System
5. Identify anatomical distribution of branches of the cerebral and basilar vessels which arises
from carotid and vertebro-basilar vessels
6. Identify Cerebral arterial cycle of Willis ( Circulus arteriosus Willisii )

ATTENTION FOR STUDENTS :

To achieve the learning objectives Students at Dissection Room do the following

procedures :

1. Identify components of central nervous system at the specimens. Look for Right and left
cerebral hemispheres (hemispheriae cerebrales dextra et sinistra)
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain stem ( truncus encephalicus ) :
3.1. Mesencephalon
3.2. Pons Varoli
3.3. Medulla oblongata
4. Cerebellum
5. Spinal cord ( medulla spinalis )
6. Identify parts of subcortical structures at the specimens. Look for :
6.1 Thalamus
6.2. Hypothalamus
6.3. Fornix
6.4. Hippocampus
6.5. Basal nuclei/ganglia ( nuclei/ganglia basalis ). Look for :
6.5.1. Corpus striatum ; consists of :
6.5.1.1. Caudate nucleus ( nucleus caudatus )
6.5.1.2. Lentiform/lenticular nucleus ( nucleus lentiformis/lenticularis )
6.5.1.2.1. Putamen
6.5.1.2.2. Globus pallidus
6.5.2. Amygdaloid body ( corpus amygdaloideum )
6.5.3. Claustrum
7. Discuss among the group blood supply of the Central Nervous system
7.1. The origins of those arteries.
- Mention the outline distribution of the cortical branch of the cerebral arteries

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 7.2. Cerebral arterial cycle of Willis ( Circulus arteriosus Willisii ); location and components
8. Identify at the specimen the distribution of cerebral blood circulation.
9. Identify Cerebral arterial cycle of Willis ( Circulus arteriosus Willisii )

WEEK FOUR : AUGUST, 31 & SEPTEMBER ,1; 2020

TOPICS : BRAINSTEM AND CRANIAL NERVES

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to :

1. Describe the components of the brain stem

2. Describe anatomical features of the dorsal and ventral areas of the brainstem
3. Describe the location and organization in the brain stem.
4. Describe the 12 cranial nerves and its course in intracranial compartment
5. Describe function of the 12 cranial nerves and its component
6. Describe cerebellum : location and anatomical structures

ATTENTION FOR STUDENTS :

To achieve the learning objectives Students at Dissection Room do the following

procedures :

1. Discuss among the group the brainstem ( truncus encephali )

1.1. Components, location and topographical position of the brain stem
1.2. Anatomical features of the parts of the brain stem.
1.3. Cranial nerves : intracerebral course and location of their emerge from
the
brainstem.
2. Identify the brainstem at the specimen . Look for :
2.1. Mesencephalon Look for anatomical structures around mesencephalon : :
2.1.1. Optic chiasma ( chiasma opticum )
2.1.2. Infundibulum of pituitary gland ( infundibulum glandulae pituitariae /
hypophysae )
2.1.3. Mammillary bodies ( corpora mammillariae )
2.1.4. Cerebral peduncle ( crus / pedunculus cerebri )
2.1.5. Interpeduncular fossa ( fossa interpeduncularis Tarini )
2.1.6. Posterior perforate substance ( substantia perforata posterior / inter
peduncularis )
2.1.7. Cerebral arterial circle of Willis ( circulus arteriosus cerebri Willisii
)
2.2. Pons Varoli.
2.2.1. Look for basilar sulcus ( sulcus basilaris ).
2.2.2. What anatomical structure occupies basilar sulcus?
2.3. Medulla oblongata. Look for :
2.3.1. Oliva
2.3.2. Pyramid ( pyramis medullae oblongatae ).
3. Identify the 12 Cranial Nerves. Look for ;
3.1. Olfactory nerve ( I , N. olfactorius ). Look for :
3.1.1. Olfactory bulb ( bulbus olfactorius ). Discuss among the group :
3.1.1.1. What makes olfactory bulb ?
3.1.1.2. What is the name of part of ethmoid bone that is used by fibers

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 that make olfactory bulb ?
3.1.1.3. Where is the origin of that fibers ?
3.1.2. Olfactory tract ( tractus olfactorius )
3.1.3. Olfactory triangle ( trigonum olfactorius ). What make its borders
3.1.4. Anterior perforate substance ( substantia perforata anterior ) dorsal to
olfactory triangle
3..1..4.1. What is the name of the artery that ends here by dividing into
its terminal branches?
3.1..4.2. What are the names of those terminal branches ?.
3.2. Optic nerve ( II , N. opticus ).
3.2.1. Look for optic chiasma ( chiasma opticum )
3.2.2. What is the name of the location of optic chiasma at the base of skull?
Look for that location at the specimen.
3.2.3. What is the name of the hole that is used by Optic nerve to enter orbita?
Look for it at the specimen.
3.3. Oculomotor nerve ( III , N. oculomotorius )
3.4. Trochlear nerve ( IV , N,. trochlearis )
3.5. Abducens nerve ( VI , N. abducens ).
3.6. Discuss among the group:
3.6.1. The name of the fissure at the base of cranium ( basis cranii ) that is used
by III, IV and VI cranial nerves to enter orbita. Look for it at the specimen.
3.6.2. What organs are Innervated by those three cranial nerves ?
3.7. Trigeminal nerve ( V , N. trigeminus ). Discuss among the group :
3.7.1. Name of trigeminal ganglion. Look for it at the specimen.
3.7.2. Terminal branches of Trigeminal nerve.
3.7.3. Holes at the base of cranium that were used by the branches.Look for it
at the specimen
3.8. Facial nerve ( VII , N. facialis ). Discuss among the group :
3.8.1. Name of the hole that is used by Facial nerve to leave cranial cavity.
Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.8.2. Its clinical application and manifestation
3.9. Vestibulocochlear nerve ( VIII , N. vestibulocochlearis / statoacusticus ). Discuss
among the group :
3.9.1. Name of the hole that is used by the nerve to enter its site of innervation.
Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.9.2. Name of the cranial bone where that nerve end by dividing into 2 nerves.
3.9.3. Name of the nerves and their locations.
3.10. Glossopharyngeal nerve ( IX , N. glossopharyngeus )
3.11. Vagal nerve ( X , N. vagus ). Why do this cranial nerve named vagal ?
3.12. Accessory nerve ( XI , N. Accessorius )
3.13. What is the name of the hole at the base of cranium that is used by IX , X , XI
cranial nerves to leave cranial cavity ? Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.14. Hypoglossal nerve ( XII , N. hypoglossus ). What is the name of the hole at the
base of cranium that is used by this nerve to leave cranial cavity ? Look for that
hole at the specimen
4. Identify superior surface the cerebellum at the specimen Look for :
4.1. Anterior lobe ( lobus anterior cerebelli )
4.2. Posterior lobe ( lobus posterior cerebella )
4.3. Anterior cerebellar notch ( incisura cerebellaris anterior )
4.4. Posterior cerebellar notch ( incisura cerebellaris posterior
4.5. Primary fissure ( fissure primarius )

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 4.6. Cerebellar hemisphere ( hemispherium cerebellaris )
4.7. Culmen
4.8. Declive
4.9. Cerebellar folia ( folia cerebellaris )
5. Identify inferior surface the cerebellum at the specimen Look for
5.1. Lobulus flocculonodularis, consists of :
5.1.1. Flocculus
5.1.2. Nodulus
5.2. Cerebellar vallecula ( vallecula cerebellaris )
5.3. Cerebellar tonsil ( tonsilla cerebellaris )
5.4. Cerebellar vermis ( vermis cerebellaris )
6. Identify cerebellar nuclei ( nuclei cerebellares ). Look for :
5.5.1. Dentate nuclei ( nucleus dentatus )
5.5.2. Emboliform nuclei ( nucleus emboliformis )
5.5.3. Globous nuclei ( nucleus globosus )
5.5.4. Fastigium nuclei ( nucleus fastigius )
WEEK 5 : WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 6,8 ; 2021

TOPICS : SPINAL CORD AND PERIPHERAL NERVES.

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to identify :

5. Peripheral nerves :
a. Brachial plexus ( plexus brachialis ) and its branches.
b. Lumbosacral plexus and its branches.
6. Innervation of thigh, leg and foot.

ATTENTION FOR STUDENTS :

To achieve the learning objectives Students at Dissection Room do the following

procedures :

1. Identify parts of .the vertebra that lodge the spinal cord and its branches. Look for :
1.1. Vertebral foramen ( foramen vertebrale )
1.2. Superior and inferior vertebral notches ( Incisurae vertebrales superior et
inferior )
2. Reconstructs at the veretebra the location of the spinal cord and its branches.
3. Identify the dilation of spinal cord. Look for :
3.1. Cervical enlargement ( intumescentia cervicalis ). What is the name of the
nerve that originated from that enlargement ?
3.2. Lumbosacral enlargement ( intumescentia lumbabosacralis ).
What is the name of the nerve that originated from that enlargement ?
4. Discuss among the group vascularization of spinal cord and its origin. Try to look
for it at the specimen.
5. Discuss among the group the formation of brachial plexus ( plexus brachialis ).
6. Identify at the specimen branches of brachial plexus. Look for :
6.1. Lateral cord ( fasciculus lateralis )
6.2. Medial cord ( fasciculus mediaIis )
6.3. Posterior cord ( fasciculus posterior )
6.4. Axillary nerve ( N. axillaris )
6.5. Musculocutaneus nerve ( n. musculocutaneus ).

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 Why does this nerve get that name?
What is the name of its continuation at the lower arm?
6.6. Median nerve ( N. medianus )
6.7. Ulnar nerve ( N. ulnaris )
6.8. Radial nerve ( N. radialis )

7. Discuss among the group

- distribution of innervations of terminal nerves of brachial plexus at the arm, forearm
and hand.
- Claw hand
- Wrist drop
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

8. Identify at the specimen branches of lumbosacral plexus that innervate lower extremity.
Look for :
8.1. Femoral nerve ( N. femoralis )
8.2. Saphenous nerve ( N. saphenus )
8.3. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh ( N. cutaneus femoris posterior )
8.4. Sciatic nerve ( N. isciadicus ). Look for its branches :
7.4.1. Tibial nerve ( N. tibialis)
7.4.2. Common peroneal/fibular nerve ( N. peroneus/fibularis communis)
Discuss among the group clinical application of Common peroneal nerve.
8.5. Identify at the specimen nerves of the leg. Look for :
7.5.1. Common peroneal nerve ( N. peroneus communis )
7.5.2.. Lateral sural cutaneus nerve ( N. cutaneus surae lateralis )
Where is the origin of this cutaneus nerve ?
5.5.3. Superficial peroneal/fibular nerve ( N. peroneus/fibularis superficialis )
5.5.4. Deep peroneal nerve ( N. peroneus profundus)
5.5.5. Tibial nerve ( N. tibialis )
5.5.6. Medial sural cutaneus nerve ( N. cutaneus surae medialis )
Where is the origin of this cutaneus nerve?
5.5.7. Sural nerve ( N. suralis )
5.5.8. Saphenous nerve ( N. saphenus )
8.6. Discuss among the group innervations of the foot