FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH

LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI – TANGERANG - BANTEN

MANUAL OF ANATOMY LABORATORY

Bernard SM Hutabarat;dr,PAK

BLOCK : NEUROBEHAVIOUR

ODD SEMESTER ( V ) 2022/ 2023

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT

( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING )

GENERAL RULES AT THE DISSECTING ROOM.

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT ( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING ) is

an universal basic principle that must always be remembered by every
medical students and those who study Anatomy on cadaver.
Universally, MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT means that medical students learn
from the dead so the cadavers also become their teacher.
Based on MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT every medical student who
works on cadavers must obey Code of Ethic of Anatomy as follows :

Students :

1. 1.1Prepare him / herself for Laboratory practice, including :

1.2 Study the Lab. Manual accordingly before coming to Dissection Room.
1.3 Bring along Anatomy dissecting instruments ( minimum 1 for each group )
1.4 Must bring along Lab. Manual, Anatomy atlas and ( if necessary ) anatomy lecture
materials
1.5 Wear Laboratory dress properly
2 Respect the cadavers as the students respect their teachers.
3 NOT Allowed to take cadavers photo and video.
4 NOT make fun of cadavers or parts of the cadavers whatever the condition of the cadavers
or parts of the cadavers might be.
5 NOT throw part of the cadaver if his / her fellow student wants to borrow the specimen
6 Give / take directly the specimen from his / her fellow student if he / she wants to lend /
borrow the specimen.
7 NOT damage cadavers or parts of the cadavers on purpose or for fun.
8 NOT playing during practise in the lab

WEEK FOUR : AUGUST 31 2022

TOPICS : BRAINSTEM AND CRANIAL NERVES

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COMPETENCY AREA : 5

COMPETENCY LEVEL : 4A ( ABLE TO IDENTIFY )

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :

After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to :

1. Describe the components of the brain stem

2. Describe anatomical features of the dorsal and ventral areas of the brainstem
3. Describe the location and organization in the brain stem.
4. Describe the 12 cranial nerves and its course in intracranial compartment
5. Describe function of the 12 cranial nerves and its component
6. Describe cerebellum : location and anatomical structures

ATTENTION FOR STUDENTS :

To achieve the learning objectives Students at Dissection Room do the following

procedures :

1. Discuss among the group the brainstem ( truncus encephali )

1.1. Components, location and topographical position of the brain stem
1.2. Anatomical features of the parts of the brain stem.
1.3. Cranial nerves : intracerebral course and location of their emerge from the
brainstem.
2. Identify the brainstem at the specimen . Look for :
2.1. Mesencephalon Look for anatomical structures around mesencephalon : :
2.1.1. Optic chiasma ( chiasma opticum )
2.1.2. Infundibulum of pituitary gland ( infundibulum glandulae pituitariae /
hypophysae )
2.1.3. Mammillary bodies ( corpora mammillariae )
2.1.4. Cerebral peduncle ( crus / pedunculus cerebri )
2.1.5. Interpeduncular fossa ( fossa interpeduncularis Tarini )
2.1.6. Posterior perforate substance ( substantia perforata posterior / inter
peduncularis )
2.1.7. Cerebral arterial circle of Willis ( circulus arteriosus cerebri Willisii )
2.2. Pons Varoli.
2.2.1. Look for basilar sulcus ( sulcus basilaris ).
2.2.2. What anatomical structure occupies basilar sulcus?
2.3. Medulla oblongata. Look for :
2.3.1. Oliva
2.3.2. Pyramid ( pyramis medullae oblongatae ).
3. Identify the 12 Cranial Nerves. Look for ;
3.1. Olfactory nerve ( I , N. olfactorius ). Look for :
3.1.1. Olfactory bulb ( bulbus olfactorius ). Discuss among the group :
3.1.1.1. What makes olfactory bulb ?
3.1.1.2. What is the name of part of ethmoid bone that is used by fibers
that make olfactory bulb ?
3.1.1.3. Where is the origin of that fibers ?
3.1.2. Olfactory tract ( tractus olfactorius )

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 3.1.3. Olfactory triangle ( trigonum olfactorius ). What make its borders
3.1.4. Anterior perforate substance ( substantia perforata anterior ) dorsal to
olfactory triangle
3..1..4.1. What is the name of the artery that ends here by dividing into
its terminal branches?
3.1..4.2. What are the names of those terminal branches ?.
3.2. Optic nerve ( II , N. opticus ).
3.2.1. Look for optic chiasma ( chiasma opticum )
3.2.2. What is the name of the location of optic chiasma at the base of skull?
Look for that location at the specimen.
3.2.3. What is the name of the hole that is used by Optic nerve to enter orbita?
Look for it at the specimen.
3.3. Oculomotor nerve ( III , N. oculomotorius )
3.4. Trochlear nerve ( IV , N,. trochlearis )
3.5. Abducens nerve ( VI , N. abducens ).
3.6. Discuss among the group:
3.6.1. The name of the fissure at the base of cranium ( basis cranii ) that is used
by III, IV and VI cranial nerves to enter orbita. Look for it at the specimen.
3.6.2. What organs are Innervated by those three cranial nerves ?
3.7. Trigeminal nerve ( V , N. trigeminus ). Discuss among the group :
3.7.1. Name of trigeminal ganglion. Look for it at the specimen.
3.7.2. Terminal branches of Trigeminal nerve.
3.7.3. Holes at the base of cranium that were used by the branches.Look for it
at the specimen
3.8. Facial nerve ( VII , N. facialis ). Discuss among the group :
3.8.1. Name of the hole that is used by Facial nerve to leave cranial cavity.
Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.8.2. Its clinical application and manifestation
3.9. Vestibulocochlear nerve ( VIII , N. vestibulocochlearis / statoacusticus ). Discuss
among the group :
3.9.1. Name of the hole that is used by the nerve to enter its site of innervation.
Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.9.2. Name of the cranial bone where that nerve end by dividing into 2 nerves.
3.9.3. Name of the nerves and their locations.
3.10. Glossopharyngeal nerve ( IX , N. glossopharyngeus )
3.11. Vagal nerve ( X , N. vagus ). Why do this cranial nerve named vagal ?
3.12. Accessory nerve ( XI , N. Accessorius )
3.13. What is the name of the hole at the base of cranium that is used by IX , X , XI
cranial nerves to leave cranial cavity ? Look for that hole at the specimen.
3.14. Hypoglossal nerve ( XII , N. hypoglossus ). What is the name of the hole at the
base of cranium that is used by this nerve to leave cranial cavity ? Look for that
hole at the specimen
4. Identify superior surface the cerebellum at the specimen Look for :
4.1. Anterior lobe ( lobus anterior cerebelli )
4.2. Posterior lobe ( lobus posterior cerebella )
4.3. Anterior cerebellar notch ( incisura cerebellaris anterior )
4.4. Posterior cerebellar notch ( incisura cerebellaris posterior
4.5. Primary fissure ( fissure primarius )
4.6. Cerebellar hemisphere ( hemispherium cerebellaris )
4.7. Culmen
4.8. Declive

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 4.9. Cerebellar folia ( folia cerebellaris )
5. Identify inferior surface the cerebellum at the specimen Look for
5.1. Lobulus flocculonodularis, consists of :
5.1.1. Flocculus
5.1.2. Nodulus
5.2. Cerebellar vallecula ( vallecula cerebellaris )
5.3. Cerebellar tonsil ( tonsilla cerebellaris )
5.4. Cerebellar vermis ( vermis cerebellaris )
6. Identify cerebellar nuclei ( nuclei cerebellares ). Look for :
5.5.1. Dentate nuclei ( nucleus dentatus )
5.5.2. Emboliform nuclei ( nucleus emboliformis )
5.5.3. Globous nuclei ( nucleus globosus )
5.5.4. Fastigium nuclei ( nucleus fastigius )

SPECIMEN :

1. Cranium
2. Brain
3. Anatomy model
4. Plastinates

INSTRUCTORS :

1. Bernard SM Hutabarat,dr,PAK
2. Stefanus S Sumali,dr,MBiomed
3. Deisy Budiono,dr

REFERENCES

1. Atlas of Anatomy:
2. Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies ( FIFAT ) : Terminologia
Anatomica , 2nd edit. Georg Thieme Verlag , Stuttgart – New York
3. Textbook of Anatomy
4. Lecture materials

GOD SPEED AND BLESS THE STUDENTS