UNIT-IV

FORCE MEASUREMENT
 ROUNDNESS MEASUREMENT

 Roundness is defined as a condition of a

surface of revolution.
 All the points of the surface are intersected
by any plane perpendicular to a common
axis in case of cylinder and cone.
 Device used for Measurement of
Roundness

1. Diameter Gauge

2. Circumferential confining Gauge

3. Rotating on center

4. V- Block

5. Three-point probe

6. Accurate Spindle
 1. Diameter Gauge
 The measuring plunger are located 180o a part
and the diameter is measured at several places.
 This method is suitable only when the
specimen is elliptical or it has an even
number of lobes.
 A diameter check does not necessarily
disclose the effective size or roundness.
2. Circumferential conferring Gauge
 Circumferential confining Gauge
 It is useful for the inspection of Roundness in large
production.

 This method requires a separate highly accurate

master for each size part to be measured.

 The clearance between part and gauge is critical to

the reliability.

 The technique does not allow for the measurement

of the related geometric characteristics, such as
concentricity, flatness of shoulders etc.
3. Rotating on center
Rotating on center
 Rotating on center
 The fig. shows is inspected for the roundness
while mounted on center.

 In this case, the reliability is dependent on many

factors as angle of centers, alignment centers,
roundness and surface condition of the centers.

 Out of straightness of the part will cause a doubling

run out effect and appear to be roundness error.
4. V- Block
 V- Block
 The set up employed for assessing the circulating
error by using a v-block is shown in Fig.
 The V-Block is placed on a surface plate and the
work is to be checked is placed upon it.
 A diameter is fixed in a stand and its feeler is made
to rest against the surface of work.
 The work is rotated to measure the rise on fall of
the work piece.
 V- Block
 For determining the number of lobes on the
work piece, the work piece is first tested
for 60o V-block and then for 90o V-block.
 The number of lobes is then equal to the
number of times that indicator pointer
deflects through 360o rotation of the work
piece.
 Adjustable V- Block

 It can be adjusted to correct the angle to

show out of roundness is a better
choice.
5.Three-point probe
 Three-point probe

 The fig. shows three probes with 120o

spacing is very useful for determining
the effective size.
 They perform similar to a V-block.

 A 60o V-block will show no error for 5 but 7

lobes magnify the error.
6.Accurate Spindle
 Accurate Spindle
 Accurate spindle method is a method to provide a
definite value for the calibration of roundness
when compared to other method.
 It is more suitable for ball bearing, roller bearing
etc.
 These spindle are available in a wide range of
tolerances.
Roundness Measuring Equipment