Chapter 8

An Introduction To
Metabolism
Metabolism
Catabolic Pathways
Anabolic Pathways
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Activation Energy

Activation Energy

Potential Energy
 Energy Transformation
 .
 1st Law of
Thermodynamics
 2nd Law of
Thermodynamics
Entropy
 Summary
 The quantity of energy in the
universe is constant, but its
quality is not.
Free Energy
 Free Energy
G = H - TS
G = free energy of a system
H = total energy of a system
T = temperature in oK
S = entropy of a system
Free Energy of a
System
Free Energy Changes
Spontaneous Process
Chemical Reactions
 Reaction Types
 Exergonic:

 Endergonic:
Exergonic/Endergonic
 Biological Examples
 Exergonic –

 Endergonic -
Cell - Types of Work
Energy Coupling
ATP
 Adenine

Phosphates

Ribose
Key to ATP
ATP
 ATP vs Food
 ATP:

 Food:
ATP Cycles
ATP Cycle
 ATP in Cells
 A cell's ATP content is
recycled every minute.
 Humans use close to their
body weight in ATP daily.
 No ATP production equals
quick death.
Enzymes
 Chemical Reaction
AB + CD AC + BD
Enzymes
 Enzyme Terms
 Substrate –

- ase
Enzyme Name
Active Site
 Models of How
Enzymes Work
1.

2.
Lock and Key Model
Induced Fit Model
Substrate

Active Site
Enzymes
Factors that Affect
Enzymes
Environment
Cofactors
Coenzymes
 Enzyme Inhibitors
 Competitive

 Noncompetitive -
Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric Regulation
Control of Metabolism
Types of Control
 Feedback Inhibition
 .
Structural Order
 Summary
 Recognize that Life must
follow the Laws of
Thermodynamics.
 The role of ATP in cell
energy.
 How enzymes work.