Cost efficient construction

Lecture 1

By :Dawod Abdie
 Cost effectiveness and cost efficiency:

cost efficiency:
• Is a state in which the inputs and methods used to produce
a product or service result in the maximum feasible outcome.

• It is the accomplishment of objectives with the lowest expenditure of

resources.
Problems related to construction of building

• Rising Cost of Construction

• Rising cost of materials
• High degree of Government charges
• Rigid Regulation and Irrational Building Bye-Law
• Delayed approval of projects /building plans
• Lack of access to finance
• Outdated technologies
• Etc.
The need for cost effective techniques in design and construction of buildings

 Shelter problem( affordability)

• Homelessness
• Slum , Squatter and informal settlement
 Sustainability(social,economic and environmental)
problems
• Energy
• Buildings are largest consumer of
energy(50%)
 Resource/ material and water
 Economic/ money
 Cost and Life cycle of building

Cost effective living or cost effective building/housing?

Life cycle costs

 INITIAL COST( MAKING OF BUILDING)

 OPERATION COST
 MAINTENANCE COST
 DISPOSAL AND DEMOLISHING COST

Values ; Sustainability,inclusiveness,participation,innovation,integration,resilence,compactness,saftey
 Initial Building Project cost comprises of:
• Cost of Land, Land Registration, land survey
• Cost of Designing, plan approval
• From surveying to plan approval
• Cost of developing Site
• Temporary electric, water connection
• Cost of Construction
• Structural, electrical sanitary and other
component constructions
• Miscellaneous costs
• Insurance
The cost till occupancy
building Life cycle cost
 What is cost efficient construction/ Building?

• Is it lowest first-cost structure that meets the program?

• Is it design with the lowest operation and maintenance costs?
• Is it building with the longest life span?
• Is it facility in which users are most productive?
• Is it building that offers the greatest return on investment?

 Cost efficient construction/ Building is abuilding which

will minimize cost not only at initial stage but also in the
whole life cycle of building
 Measuring cost efficiency

1. Affordability mesure for housing projects

FACTORS AFFECTING AFFORDABILITY
 Measuring cost efficiency

2. square meter of floor area

measured between the main enclosing walls (inner faces), and
making no deductions for internal walls, staircases, lift shafts or
other circulation space.

3. By preparing detail priced bill of quantity and comparative

analysis of with the same size buildings
 Perception in relation with construction

Minimize depletion of resources

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 Possible factors for cost of building
• Shape,
• size,
• Story heights,
• Total height,
• Fenestration and
• other building characteristics.
• users wishes,
• planning and Building Regulations requirements
• site factors and aesthetic requirements
• form of contract
• period for completion,
• Structural form,
• Extent of prefabrication and standardization
• Consideration of maintenance
 Cost reduction methods
 Design-- Adopting optimum Design solutions-
 Materials cost-effective local materials, pre-cast,
prefabricated , re-cycled materials ,
 Technologies--Using technology to save on time , labor, space
materials and money
 Management--Managing construction in most optimum manner
 Time-Using minimum Time for construction and completion of
building/project
 Green- For optimal use of resource water and energy
 Cost reduction method through design

• Optimizes land and space utilization

• Optimizing climate , orientation
• Optimizing space planning
• Optimizing building envelope
• Optimizing structural layout
• Optimizing service design
 Morphology and cost in building design

“Architectural form/plan is an inclusive term that refers primarily

to a building's external outline or shape, and to a lesser
degree references its internal organization and unifying
principles”
Morphological factors and Cost