Jeynner jose

Dangerous Goods. sanchez pedrozo 

 Dangerous Goods

are those that, because of their properties and

characteristics, represent a risk to the safety and
health of people. 
Dangerous goods are classified into 9 different
categories, according to their characteristics and
degree of danger. It should be noted that the order of
numbering of the classes is not related to the
magnitude of risk, therefore, a class 1 merchandise
(explosives) could be equal or more dangerous than a
class 7 merchandise (radioactive), since its danger
depends directly on technical and / or chemical
factors.
IMO Classification For a container to
transport IMO merchandise, they
must carry labels on all four sides,
which must indicate class and IMO
number, according to the following
list:
Class 1. Explosives. 
Within this classification we can find different types
of merchandise, depending on the risk of explosion in
mass, projection or fire that cause. Some examples of
explosives can be: bombs, rockets, detonators,
fireworks, ammunition, flares, etc. 
Division 1.1. Objects with risk of explosion of the
whole mass. 
Division 1.2. They represent risk of projection, but
not of explosion of the whole mass. 
Division 1.3. They represent fire risk and can produce
shock wave effects. 
The label of these 3 first ones is represented with the
symbol of a bomb exploding (in color black on orange
background) and a number 1 in the inferior angle.
Class 2. Gases.
Liquified, compressed or refrigerated can be presented. According to their
properties are classified as: asphyxiants, oxidizers, flammable or toxic.
Depending on their reactions, 3 divisions are revealed:

Division 2.1. Flammable gases They can ignite on contact with a heat
source, such as propylene, ethane or butane. Your label should contain the
symbol of a flame in either black or white, on a red background and
number 2 in the bottom corner.
Division 2.2. Non-flammable, non-toxic gases. They displace oxygen
causing suffocation, such as helium or oxygen. Your label should contain
the symbol of a gas bottle in black or white on a green background and the
number 2 in the bottom corner.
Division 2.3. Toxic gases. Its inhalation can cause acute effects or even
death. They can be flammable, corrosive or oxidizing, like chlorine. Its
label contains a skull symbol on crossbones in black. The background is
white and is identified by the number 2 in the bottom corner.
Class 3. Flammable
liquids.

This classification includes flammable liquids and liquid

insensitive explosives. They can be: turpentine, gasoline,
paints, varnishes, etc. Its label contains the symbol of a
flame in black or white on a red background (same as the
label for gases 2.1). It is distinguished by the number 3 that
is in the bottom angle.
 Class 4. Flammable solids.
According to their properties, they are divided into:

Division 4.1. Solid flammable, self-reactive or explosive desensitized

substances. These can react spontaneously. Your label should contain the
symbol of a flame in black on a white background with seven vertical red
stripes and the number 4 in the bottom corner.
Division 4.2. Spontaneously flammable substances. They can ignite when
heated spontaneously, when they come in contact with the air or while they
are transported. These can be: coal, ferrous metal shavings, wet cotton,
etc. Your label should contain the symbol of a flame in black on a white
background in the upper half and red in the lower half, with the number 4 in
the bottom corner.
Division 4.3. Substances that, when in contact with water, emit flammable
gases. Among the most common materials within this classification are:
sodium, potassium, carbide, etc. Your label should contain the symbol of a
flame in black or white on a blue background and the number 4 in the
bottom corner.
Class 5. Oxidizers and organic
peroxides.
According to their properties, they are divided into:

Division 5.1. Oxidizers Liquids or solids that favor combustion, may favor

the development of fires. An example is ammonium nitrate. Your labels
should include the symbol of a flame on a circle in black on a yellow
background and the number 5.1 on the bottom corner.
Division 5.2. Organic peroxides They are derived from hydrogen
peroxide. These substances, because they are extremely dangerous, can
only be loaded into a cargo unit in certain quantities. Your label should
contain a flame symbol in white or black on a red background in the
upper half and yellow in the lower half, as well as the number 5.2 in the
bottom corner.
 Class 6. Toxic.

According to their properties, they are divided into: 

Division 6.1. Toxic substances. They can cause death by inhalation, skin
absorption or ingestion. An example of these is methanol or methylene
chloride. Your label must have the symbol of a skull on two tibias in black
on a white background (same as the label 2.3 for toxic gases), is
distinguished by the number 6 of the lower part of the label. 
Division 6.2. Infectious substances They contain pathogens
(microorganisms) that can cause diseases. Some may be: diagnostic
samples, material for making vaccines, secretions, blood, excrement,
laboratory cultures, etc.
Class 7. Radioactive Material.
They contain radionuclides, such as uranium, putanium or thorium.
The labels for this type of substances will be applied according to the
following:
Category I. For packages with a maximum surface radiation level of
0.5 millirem / h or for containers that do not contain packages with
higher categories. 
Category II. For packages with a surface radiation level greater than
0.5 millirem / h, not exceeding 50 millirem / h. The transport index
should not exceed 1.0, or for containers where the transport index
does not exceed 1.0 and does not contain visible category III
packages.
Class 7. Radioactive Material.

Category III. For packages with a maximum surface radiation level of

200 millirem / h, or for containers whose transport index is less than or
equal to 1.0 and which transport visible packages of category III.
Category IV. Fissile materials Your label must be white with the legend
(mandatory): "FISSIONABLE" in black, in the upper part, and in the
lower part, a box that says "Critical Care Index" and the number 7.
 CLASS 8.
Corrosive.
These substances are destructive to contact,
that is, they damage the tissue of the skin. Some
substances can be: sulfuric acid or sodium
hypochlorite. Your label should have a symbol
with two test tubes pouring liquid on one hand
and a metal, the top bottom should be white
and the bottom bottom black with number 8.
Class 9. Miscellaneous dangerous
objects.
These suppose some type of danger not contemplated in
the previous ones, as it could be the case of dioxins,
batteries of lithium, dry ice, etc. Your label should be
white with 7 black vertical stripes on the top half, and the
number 9 underlined on the bottom corner.
 Dangerous goods: labels

Packages containing dangerous goods sent by sea, except in special cases, must contain a
series of clearly identifiable information by means of hazard labels that are clear and legible,
as well as resistant to a period of immersion in seawater for three months. Specifically, the
following is required:
The UN number: is the 4-digit code preceded by the initials ONU, which uniquely and
universally identifies any dangerous matter;
The Proper Shipping Name (PSN): official name of the transport;
The square shaped label resting on one of its vertices (at least 10 cm on each side for
packages) showing the hazard class according to the nature of the material;
Any other label in case there are secondary hazards in addition to the main class;
Orientation arrows, necessary in case of transport of liquids,indicating in which direction the
packaging should be positioned.
The Marine Pollutant Mark: if there is a marine polluting product, it is necessary to place a
specific square mark (also at least 10 cm on each side) that contains the symbols of a tree
and a fish.
 Coating of containers

The labeling requirement applies not only to

individual packages, but also to the units with
which they are transported, such as
containers. Regarding these, the IMDG code
establishes that the plates corresponding to
the risk of the goods contained in the
containers must be fixed on the external walls
of the same. However, they change the
dimensions (25 x 25 cm) and must be fixed on
the four sides of the container.
Dangerous Goods: Packaging

The IMDG regulation on the transport of hazardous

materials by sea also regulates the packaging in
detail, stipulating that only approved containers can
be used and only in the way that is specifically
indicated. The approved containers for the transport
of dangerous goods are those that have passed a
series of technical tests and are recognizable by the
presence of an external mark of the UN, that is, an
alphanumeric identification code.
Dangerous Goods: Packaging
These are some of the possible types of packaging:

Steel or plastic drums

Sacks

Composite packaging

Large container for bulk transport (IBC)

Great packing (LP)

The most spacious packages are the last two, since they can contain more than 450 liters of
material.