HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,

RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK

CONTROL (HIRARC)
• Hazard, Risk & Danger
• Types of Hazard
• Risk Control
• JHA vs HIRARC
• Proper & Safe Method in Deploying Portable Fire
Extinguishers/Hose Reels

PART 12
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RISK ASSESSMENT

Types of Risk Assessment

Approach:
 Qualitative Risk Assessment
 Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
 Quantitative Risk Assessment

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DETERMINING SEVERITY
The degree of injury, illness, or damage to
property, environment, or reputation, which is
reasonably predictable.

Severity in terms of:

 Harm to health
 Damage to property
 Damage to environment
 Or the combination of the above
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DETERMINING LIKELIHOOD OF
OCCURRENCE OF HAZARD
Probability or Likelihood, is defined as:
the chance that a given event will occur.
Probability is often based on historical data – frequency of
reported incidences;
However :

◦ Just because no accident has happened for a long time does

not mean it cannot happen tomorrow; CIMAH cases
◦ Just because it has happened recently does not mean that it
will happen again soon; Adequacy of controls

Based on statistic & data, professional judgement 4

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QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine severity categories i.e:
a. Fatality
b. Major injuries (normally irreversible injury
or damage to health)
c. Minor injuries (normally reversible injury
or damage to health requiring days off work)
d. Negligible injuries (first aid)

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QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine likelihood categories i.e:
a. Very likely – could happen frequently
b. Likely – could happen occasionally
c. Unlikely – could happen, but only rarely
d. Highly unlikely – could happen, but probably
never will

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QUALITATIVE RISK TABLE

Severity Likelihood
Very Likely Unlikely Highly
Likely Unlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
Major High High Medium Medium
Injuries
Minor High Medium Medium Low
Injuries
Negligble Medium Medium Low Low
Injuries

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SEMI – QUANTITATIVE RISK

ASSESSMENT
Determine severity categories i.e:
 4: Fatality & Permanent Disability
 3: More than 4 days MC
 2: Less than or 4 days MC
 1: First aid and near misses

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SEMI – QUANTITATIVE RISK

ASSESSMENT
Determine Likelihood of Occurrence of
Hazard i.e:
 4: Daily
 3: Weekly
 2: Monthly
 1: Yearly

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SEMI-QUANTITATIVE
RISK TABLE
LIKELIHOOD
S Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

E 1 2 3 4
V First Aid
E and Near 1 1 2 3 4
Misses
R Less than
2 2 4 6 8
or 4 days
I MC
More than
T 4 days MC 3 3 6 9 12
Y Fatality &
4 4 8 12 16
Permanent
Disability
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QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
Where the hazards presented by the
undertaking are numerous and complex, and
may involve novel processes, for example in
the case of large chemicals process plants,
detailed and sophisticated risk assessments will
be needed, and it is appropriate to carry out a
detailed quantitative risk assessment.

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QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
Quantitative risk assessment involves
obtaining a numerical estimate of the risk
from a quantitative consideration of event
probabilities and consequences

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QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
In carrying out quantitative risk assessments,
special quantitative tools and techniques
will be used for hazard identification, and to
estimate the severity of the consequences and
the likelihood of realization of the hazards

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QUANTITATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
Where such methods and techniques are used
it is important that they are carried out by
suitably qualified and experience assessors

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RISK CONTROL
Consideration In Implementing
Risk Control
Review measures regularly; modify if
necessary
Comply with national laws and regulations
Reflect good management practice; and

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RISK CONTROL
Consideration In Implementing
Risk Control
Consider the current state of knowledge

Include information or reports from

organizations such as:
- DOSH, OSH services, and others

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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
MOST EFFECTIVE
1. Elimination – remove the hazard
FAIRLY EFFECTIVE
2. Substitution – use less hazardous one
3. Isolation – isolate the work area
4. Engineering Control – design,isolation at source,
barricade, guarding
LEAST EFFECTIVE
5. Administrative Control – safe work procedure,
isolation
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION

Terminate
AVOID
 CHANGING THE PROCESS, MACHINERY, SUBSTANCE
2. SUBSTITUTION
 USING A LESS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR PROCESS, SUCH AS
USING MECHANICAL DEVICES INSTEAD OF MANUAL
HANDLING
3. ISOLATION

REDUCE
♦ ISOLATING NOISY COMPRESSORS FROM WORKERS AREA
♦ ENCLOSURE, DISTANCE GUARD

Treat
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
 MODIFICATION OR RETROFIT
 LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION
 GUARD FOR ROTATING MACHINERY
5. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
 PROCEDURE : ROTATION OF WORKERS

ACCEPT
Tolerate
 REDUCING PERIOD OF EXPOSURE
 REDUCING NUMBER OF WORKERS EXPOSED
6. WORK PRACTICE CONTROL
♦ SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK / PERMIT TO WORK
♦ PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

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ELIMINATION

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EXAMPLE OF ELIMINATION

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SUBSTITUTION

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Robot assembly, Mercedes
SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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ISOLATION

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ENGINEERING CONTROL

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ENGINEERING CONTROL

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RISK CONTROL ???

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RISK CONTROL ???

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ENGINEERING CONTROL–
KAWAT JARING

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PPE: WEARING MASK

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SOLUTION…
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL MEASURE
CONTROL
ENGINEERING CONTROL Memasang kawat jaring standard
heavy duty (rujuk gambar)
Sembur chlorpyrifos
Memasang bird gel repellent
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL “ mask zone” (rujuk gambar)
SOP
PPE Memakai topeng, sarung tangan
Kemudahan sabun

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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Limitingthe amount of time workers spend
Can be used together with other control
methods
Some examples : work schedules
: longer rest periods
:moving work process

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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

(PPE)

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PPE: SAFETY NET

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THE NEED FOR JHA

JHA is a tool to carefully study each job or task,
and come out with a Safe Operating Procedure
A PTW should only be issued after JHA has been
carried out
In JHA, HIRARC is carried out for all the steps
of the task identified; here, all possible hazards
related to every step of the task is identified, and
then adequately controlled.

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THE NEED FOR HIRARC

 HIRARC is a proactive means of identifying
and eliminating hazards, and provides
an acceptable standard of safety
 Legal Requirement : Ensure Safe Place of Work
 Corporate Image : Public/Customer Confidence
 Moral/Ethical Consideration : Limit Worker Injuries
 LossControl : Prevent Accidents / Incidents -
Especially When Revenue Is Maximum And Expenses Are
On The Rise, Survival Mode Is Triggered  Cut Down
On Avoidable Losses!
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Notice any Hazards?

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JHA vs HIRARC
JHA : STUDIES THE JOB  IN THIS CASE
INSTALLING THE KERB
◦ BREAKS DOWN THE JOB INTO STEPS
◦ DO HIRARC FOR EVERY STEP
HIRARC : OVERSEES ALL THE HAZARDS
IN THE AREA OF CONCERN
◦ VEHICLES, POTHOLES, TREE BRANCHES,
POWER LINES, DRAINS …A POINT IN TIME
RISK ASSESSMENT IS REQUIRED IN
HIRARC
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JHA vs HIRARC
Section 15 (2)(a) of the OSHA 12614:
“the provision and maintenance of plant
(HIRARC) and systems of work (JHA) that are,
so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to
health”
HIRARC – Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment and Risk Control are three principles
used in workplaces to manage safety and health.
Requirement under Management Systems – ISO
9000, ISO 14000, OHSAS 18000
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SAMPLE OF A JHA
LIFTING LOAD USING MOBILE CRANE :
TARGET : MOVE THE LOAD SAFELY

1. Move the crane to position

2. Extend the outriggers
3. Extend boom and slew so that hook is
directly above load
4. Attach load to hook
5. Lift the load
6. Move the load to desired location
7. Put down the load If you miss one process, will
you meet the target?
8. Retract boom, and
If target is not achieved,
9. Retract the outriggers which process could be the
culprit?
Precautions before and after.
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JHA : MOVING A LOAD USING A MOBILE CRANE

  STEP HAZARDS RISK - WHAT CAN DAMAGE OR CONTROL
WHAT IF … HAPPEN INJURY TO MEASURES
1 MOVE THE 1.1. CRANE IS INCONVENIENCE, OTHER DIVERT TRAFFIC;
CRANE TO BLOCKING ACCIDENT INVOLVING TRAFFIC, BARRICADE AREA;
POSITION TRAFFIC OTHER TRAFFIC CRANE SAIGNAGE
2 EXTEND THE 2.1. TERRAIN IS CRANE MAY TOPPLE CRANE, ENSURE CRANE IS LEVEL
OUTRIGGERS SLOPING, UNEVEN WHEN LIFTING OPERATOR
2.2. GROUND IS CRANE MAY TOPPLE CRANE, SEEK ALTERNATIVE SITE;
    SOFT WHEN LIFTING OPERATOR USE WIDE BASE PLATES
2.3. HYDRAULIC ONE OUTRIGGER MAY CRANE, REGULAR MAINTENANCE;
SYSTEM FAILS RETRACT, CAUSING OPERATOR CHECK HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
CRANE IMBALANCE BEFORE LIFTING
3 EXTEND BOOM 3.1. BOOM IS MAY HIT ADJACENT CRANE, RELOCATE CRANE
TO HOVER EXTENDED TOO STRUCTURES, POWER OPERATOR, POSITION, ENSURE STRICT
ABOVE THE LONG LINE POWER LINE, SUPERVISION
LOAD BUILDING
4 USE SLINGS TO 4.1. SLINGS ARE SLINGS MAY BREAK. LOAD, CHECK SLING CAPACITY
ATTACH LOAD UNDER CAPACITY LOAD MAY FALL CRANE
TO THE HOOK
    4.2. SLINGS ARE SLINGS MAY BREAK. LOAD, CHECK PERIOD COLOUR
DAMAGED: LOAD MAY FALL CRANE CODING. CHECK CONDITION
KINKED, FRAYED OF SLINGS. TEST.
4.3. HAND GETS HAND / FINGERS CAN BE RIGGER CARE IN HANDLING,
ENTANGLED BY SEVERED TRAINING; SUPERVISION
SLINGS

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   STEP HAZARDS RISKS - WHAT DAMAGE OR CONTROL MEASURES
WHAT IF ... CAN HAPPEN INJURY TO
5 LIFT THE 5.1. LOAD IS NOT LOAD MAY OPERATOR, ENSURE BOOM IS VERTICAL,
LOAD EXACTLY BELOW SWING, CAN CRANE, LOAD, USE TAG LINES TO CONTROL
BOOM TOPPLE CRANE RIGGER LOAD
6 MOVE LOAD 6.1. PEOPLE ARE LOAD MAY FALL LOAD, OTHERS CLEAR ALL PEOPLE IN ITS
TO DESIRED WORKING UNDER ON PEOPLE PATH;
POSITION PATH OF LOAD
    6.2. PEOPLE ARE PEOPLE MAY BE RIGGER, CLEAR ALL PEOPLE
STANDING TOO HIT BY THE OTHERS AROUND THE ACTIVE
NEAR THE CRANE CRANE AS IT RADIUS OF CRANE; PUT UP
TURNS BARRICADES, SIGNAGE
    6.3. LOAD SLIPS LOAD MAY FALL LOAD, OTHERS USE SPACER BARS ON
THROUGH THE SLINGS, TIE SLINGS
SLINGS SECURELY TO LOAD
    6.4. MOMENTUM CRANE MAY LOAD, CRANE, CONTROL SLEWING MOTION.
DESTABILIZES TOPPLE OTHERS
THE CRANE CARRY OUT SLEWING
SLOWLY
7 PUT DOWN 7.1. THE SLING CANNOT RIGGER, LOWER THE LOAD ONTO TO
THE LOAD GETS PINNED BY REMOVE SLINGS A PALLET
THE LOAD THE SLINGS
8 RETRACT 8.1. YOU RETRACT THE CRANE MAY CRANE TRAINING, REMINDERS
THE THE OUTRIGGERS TOPPLE
9 BOOM, AND BEFORE RETRACTING
RETRACT THE BOOM
THE
OUTRIGGERS

PRECAUTIONS :
A. DO NOT EXTEND BOOM OR CARRY A LOAD BEFORE EXTENDING THE OUTRIGGERS
B. DO NOT RETRACT THE OUTRIGGERS BEFORE RETRACTING THE BOOM
C. DO NOT LIFT OVER PEOPLE
D. DO NOT LEAVE A CRANE WITH THE BOOM EXTENDED, UNATTENDED
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JOB RISK ANALYSIS - JRA

D
A
B
C

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JOB RISK ANALYSIS

JOB : Transferring pipes using an overhead crane
Job Description Hazard Statement Possible Controls required
Consequences

Supervisor The sling maybe Sling may break, and Confirm rope capacity
watching pipes under capacity pipes can fall. Do rope inspection
being moved The pipes can
while standing The sling is not come loose and fall. Provide training on proper
beneath the rigged properly People under rigging and slinging
load it can be injured or techniques
killed.
A forklift is moving Forklift can knock the Forklift driver should ensure
in that area pipes down. clear path before moving
Supervisor may not Stay clear of hanging loads;
have time to escape Crane operators should be
The supervisor is
warned never to carry loads
standing beneath Supervisor can be
over people
the pipes fatally injured

Start by identifying all the Hazards first, to ensure continuous line of thought
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HIRARC TABLE

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HIRARC TABLE

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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN

DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.
Cara untuk menggunakan kebanyakan alat pemadam
api permulaan adalah berdasarkan singkatan perkataan
PASS
◦ P - Pull - Tarik pin di atas alat pemadam
api
◦ A - Aim - Halakan muncung alat pemadam
ke punca api (bahan)
◦ S - Squeeze - Pusing atau tekan pemegang
◦ S - Sweep - Halakan pancutan ke arah punca
api pada jarak 3 meter sehingga api
padam.
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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN

DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.

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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN

DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.

Cara menghalakan pancutan ke punca api

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