ETHNOGRAPHY

Luis Alberto Lugo Vallecilla

Kenya Ruiz
Victor Heredia
Jaime Chacón Pedroza

Professor: Nestor Alejandro Pardo

Research Project 1
How to conduct ethnography?
 HOLISM AND THICK
EXPLANATION
HOLISM THICK EXPLANATION

KEY PRINCIPLES
OF
ETHNOGRAPHY Focuses on relations
among activities and not -Description
on a single task or -Analysis
single isolate -Interpretation and
WATSON-GEGEO AND individuals. -Explanation
ULICHNY(1988)

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIMENSION

RELIABILITY
Reliability, define as the
extend to which studies can
be replicated.

• External reliability. The replication of

the research by others but depends on 5
key aspects

• The status of the researcher

• The choice of informants
• The social situations and conditions
• The analytic constructs and premises
• Methods of data collection and
analysis.
EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL
RELIABILITY
• External reliability refers to the replication
of the original study,

• While internal reliability concerns the

reanalysis of the original data by
independent researchers. For guarding
against threats to internal reliability include:

• Low inference descriptors

• Multiple researchers/participant researchers
• Peer examination
• Mechanically recorded data
 VALIDITY

• Validity. Internal and external validity of

ethnographic research.

• Internal validity and External validity.

• Credibility of cross-group comparisons can

be affected by four particular. factors:

• Selection effects
• Setting effects
• History effects
• Construct effects
 CONTRASTING PSYCHOMETRY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
PRINCIPLES
Psychometry Ethnography
Formulating a research problem • Identifies causal • Central
relationships importance
about variables by given to
extracting from context.
context.
Nature of goals • Hypothesis then • Data then
data. Hypothesis.
Aplication of results • To generalize • Comparability
from samples to and
populations. translability.
CARACTERISTICS OF ETHNOGRAPHY
CARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOMETRY
REFERENCES:

• Nunan, D. (1992). Research methods in

language learning. Cambridge University
Press.

THANK YOU ALL!