Non-communicable diseases(NCDs)

OBESITY
 OBESIT
 Defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation
Y
that presents a risk to health.

 It is the most prevalent form of malnutrition.

 It is one of the most significant contributors of ill

health.

Central fat distribution or abdominal fat

distribution or android obesity is more serious than
gynoid fat distribution.
 Global Status
•Obesity is growing problem across the globe.

•Worldwide, more than 300 million adults are

obese, according to (WHO).

•Obesity is the second-leading cause of

preventable death, surpassed only by smoking.
 Obesity is a major risk factor
number of serious health conditions,
including:
 Coronary heart disease.
 Cancer.

 Diabetes.

 Fatty liver disease.

 Gallbladder disease.
 High blood pressure..
 Osteoarthritis.
 Assessment of Obesity
BMI
• Body mass index or BMI is a
simple and widely used method
for estimating body fat mass.
• BMI is calculated by dividing the
subject's weight in kg by the
square of his or her height in
meter:
 BMI Classification

Less than 18.5 Underweight

18.5–24.9 Normal weight

25.0–29.9 Overweight

30.0–34.9 Class I obesity

35.0–39.9 Class II obesity

WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
•Your waist size is a clue to whether
you're at high risk for type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure, high cholesterol
and heart disease.

•To measure your waist

circumference, use a tape measure.
Start at the top of your hip bone, then
bring the tape measure all the way
around, level with your belly button.
For your best health,
your waist should
measure no more than
40 inches or ≥ 102 cm for
men, 35 inches or ≥ 88
cm for women
 Waist-Hip Ratio
Waist–hip ratio (WHR) is the ratio
of the circumference of the waist
to that of the hip.
 Measured simply at the smallest
circumference of the natural
waist, usually just above the belly
button, and the hip circumference
be measured at its widest part of
the buttocks or hip.
 Causes of Obesity

Physical inactivity.

Diet.

Drugs.

Medical conditions.
 Hypertension
The Silent killer

23
 DEFINITION
Hypertension is high blood pressure. Blood
pressure is the force of blood pushing
against the walls of arteries as it flows
through them.
 Global burden of hypertension
• The biggest increase in prevalence was expected to be
in developing (increase of 24%) and third world
countries (increase of 80%) as the rapidly take on the
more western lifestyle.

• Scientists are now claiming that 1 in 3 adults in the

world will have high blood pressure in 2025. By 2025,
the number will increase by about 60% to a total of
1.56 billion as the proportion of elderly people will
increase significantly.
1. Primary
 Chronic high blood pressure
without a source or
associated with any other
disease
 M o s t common form
of hypertension
2. Secondary
 Elevation of blood pressure
associated with another
disease such as kidney
disease
 Causes
 Genetics-some people are prone to hypertension simply based
off of their genetic makeup
 Fa m i ly History- your risk for high blood pressure/hypertension
increases if it is in your family history

 Environment

 Inactivity

 S t re s s

 Obesity

 Alcohol
Thanks …