Erik Erikson

8 Stages of Man
 Elements of Each Stage
 Each stage is characterized by a different conflict that
must be resolved by the individual.
 When the environment makes new demands on people,
the conflicts arise.
 There are 2 ways in coping w/ each crisis, an adaptive
or maladaptive way
 When each crisis is resolved, a person will have
sufficient strength to deal w/ the next stages of
development.
 Stage 1- Year 1
PSYCHOSEXUAL CORE
STAGES AND IDENTITY BASIC PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSEXUAL
BASIC TASK
CRISIS STRENGTH CORE
MODE WEAKNESS

ORAL, Love=trust – a)Learning Hope that Antithesis of

Respiratory, (safe world) both trust positive hope is
sensory, versus and mistrust outcomes withdrawal
kinesthetic mistrust – b)Neither can/will occur and lack of
(dangerous overindulged (for hope
world) nor over difficulties in (despair)
neglected life).
 
 Stage 2 (2-3 years)
PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES AND CORE PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSEXUAL
IDENTITY CRISIS BASIC TASK BASIC STRENGTH
CORE WEAKNESS
MODE
ANAL, urethral Autonomy versus The parents need Own will basic Compulsion.
and muscular shame and doubt to encourage strength that Core weakness –
(walking, talking, (from parents). If child’s need for comes from anal neurosis (like
controlling, parents show lack control and parents giving Freud
urethra muscular). of patience, autonomy with space. compulsiveness
  shaming ridiculing rules and and messiness)
Increased Motor during potty standards that do
and Mental training, child over not create shame.
abilities cause controls bowel Instead create
emergence of functions autonomy and self
autonomy. belief (create
shame)
 Stage 3 (4-5 years)
PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES AND CORE PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSEXUAL
IDENTITY CRISIS BASIC TASK BASIC STRENGTH
CORE WEAKNESS
MODE

Genital/Locomotor Initiative (child’s On imitating same Basic Strength is Core weakness is

children are highly capabilities) versus sex parent there is sense of purpose. inhibition.
mobile and active guilt (parents guilt/ oedipal  
they are excessive insistence feelings – child’s
(locomotive) on good behavior) developing
  being defined conscience is in
creating guilt. conflict/competition
  with the same sex
  parent. Imitative is
felt and with it the
need to express this
initiative “Why
should I be like
him/her?
 Stage 4 (6-11 years)
PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGES AND CORE PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSEXUAL
IDENTITY CRISIS BASIC TASK BASIC STRENGTH
CORE WEAKNESS
MODE

Latency Industry versus To use Strength is Core weakness is

(A period of inferiority perseverance competence. inertia (overly
Relative calm) Industry – diligence to self Basic strength is passive
1)sublimated develop and competence in behaviours)
oedipal impulses obtain pleasure school in work in  
not running wild. from own work persevering
2) Child can now skills
use his own
developing
repertoire of tools
and skills.
 
 Stage 5 (12-18 years)
PSYCHOSEXUAL CORE
STAGES AND IDENTITY BASIC PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSEXUAL
BASIC TASK
CRISIS STRENGTH CORE
MODE WEAKNESS
Puberty and Identity (self To achieve a Fidelity or Repudiation of
adolescence image) versus stable sense truthfulness being able to
form a healthy
– a time of role of self, which or
self –
immense confusion must fit with consistency Repudiation
change – (identity an image of to ones’ core can take the
maturing the emerging self form of
body and crisis) individual’s faith in who I defiance of
sexual past, present, am and what authority or
organs. and future is my resignation and
and of larger emerging despair Erikson
possibilities. ideology. terms
diffidence.
Cont…
There is an increased vulnerability versus heightened
potential.

a)displacing sexual feelings for opposite sex.

b)redefining re-identifying with who they are (oedipal

feelings return and are displaced onto others.

Identity means to separate oneself from ones same sex

parent – and assume an identity of ones own –
redefining and reinventing themselves.
Stage 6 (