Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Learning Objectives
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Contents and Keywords
1. Definitions
• Importance of Livestock for Poverty Reduction
• Global Livestock Systems
• Livestock Systems and Production
• Demand for Livestock Products
• The Livestock – SLM Dynamics
• The Livestock – Gender Dynamics
• The Livestock – Climate Change Dynamics
2. Conclusion
3. References
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Livestock. Some definitions
Living inventory.
Lebendes Inventar, Wörterbuch der Landwirtschaft. DLG Verlag. Frankfurt. 1993.
The horses, cattle, sheep and other “useful” animals kept or raised on a
farm or ranch.
Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary. 1989.
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Livestock. Some definitions
Ruminants
A multi stomached animal. Uses a set of stomachs.
Digests plant fibre and requires little plant protein. Instead, protein is build
up from ammonia in the form of rumen microbes which live and feed in the
rumen.
Non-ruminants:
Single stomached animal are monogastrics. Require high concentration
protein feed for production.
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Importance of Livestock for Food Security, Poverty
Reduction and Resilience
Approx. 80% of the world’s 1.3 billion poor people live in rural areas
/3 of them keep livestock; 70% of them are women
2
Contributes to:
• Multiple benefit (milk, meat, eggs, labour, manure, wool, hides and
skins…)
• (Regular) income generation
• Human nutrition
• Use of marginal landscapes /
weed control
• Transfer of plants into food
• Financial security
• Socio-cultural importance
© Hoeggel.
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Global Livestock Systems
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Livestock‘s long shadow. FAO 2006.
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Global Livestock Systems
© von Morstein. Extensive mixed system, East Africa. © Hoeggel. More intensive mixed system, India. © Hoeggel. Extensive system of grazing, Southern Ethiopia.
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Which livestock systems do
you know from your working
context/experience?
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Livestocksystems Grazing Mixed Systems Landless
and Production Systems Systems
Rainfed Irrigated Combined
Livestock numbers
(Mio heads)
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Livestock Systems and Production
Landless commercial urban livestock keeping
What? Highly diversified and very well established pig value chain
(pig producer , fattener, trader for feeds, abattoirs, butcher…)
Who? Coptic (non Muslim) garbage collecting families (Zabalin)
Where ? Cairo (approx. 20 Mio inhabitants)
How ? Collecting and feeding organic garbage / residues
How many? 350.000 animals
Benefit? Important source of income;
human nutrition re-cycling of
organic material
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What messages can you read
from the previous table?
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Demand for Livestock Products – An Opportunity
Developing countries
Total meat consumption 158,3 200,8 256,1 330,4 209
Beef 35,1 43,6 54,2 70,2 200
Mutton 10,1 12,5 15,6 20,6 204
Pork 62,8 74,3 88 99,2 158
Poultry 50,4 70,4 98,3 140,4 279
Dairy products (without butter) 296,2 379,2 485,3 640,9 216
Adapted from: FAO (2011a). World Livestock 2011: Livestock in food security. Rom: FAO
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Livestock Products – A Question of Wealth
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In which way do you think the ‘Livestock Revolution’ could benefit livestock production,
especially at small-scale level?
What might be the influence of the increased demand for livestock products on natural
resources?
© Hoeggel.
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The Livestock – SLM* Dynamic
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The livestock - bees
LITTLE RECOGNITION
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The Livestock – Gender Dynamic
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The Livestock – Gender Dynamic
Women Men Children A work schedule of a
Releasing and tethering animal Working animals in the field livestock system in India.
Cleaning sheds Building sheds It reflects differing
Feeding and watering Grazing responsibilities in the
Bringing fodder
sector. Such
Milking and boiling milk Milking
responsibilities will be
Managing calves Getting animals crossed
affected differently by
development interventions
Administering houshold remedies, Administering medicine,
calling Vet. if required calling Vet. if required as well as impact from
Giving advice to men in the sale of Sale of animals climate change.
animals
Safekeeping of money after animal
sale
Castration of animals,
slaughtering
Ghotge, Nitya S. 2004. Livestock and Livelihoods –
The Indian Context. Centre for Environment
Education. Ahmedabad. India.
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Please consider examples of
gender determinants in a livestock
sector you know.
http://www.langevin.com/blog/2013/08/29/3-ways-to-
maximize-brainstorming
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The Livestock – Climate Change Dynamic
With GHG emissions along livestock supply chains estimated at
7.1 gigatons CO2 equivalent per annum, representing 14.5% of all
anthropogenic emissions. The livestock sector plays an important role in
climate change.
Sources of sector emissions:
• Processing and enteric
fermentation 45 %
• Feed production 39 %
• Manure storage and processing 10 %
• Processing and transportation of
animal products 6 %
© Hoeggel.
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GHG emissions
from global
livestock supply
chains, by
production activities
and products
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The Livestock – Climate Change Dynamic
Relationship: total greenhouse gas emissions and milk output
12.00
A case for sustainable intensification?
10.00
kg CO2-eq. per kg FPCM
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000
Output per cow, kg FPCM per year
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Conclusion
Revisiting livestock
production and sustainability.
What are issues at stake?
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Thank You
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