Communicative English III

Elementary
Business English
Unit 2: Making Decisions
Session: Thursday, October 29 , 2020

Prof. Carmen Gloria Pérez, Mg.

Profesor Asistente
Escuela de Administración y Negocios
Universidad de Concepción
Campus Chillán
Learning outcome: explain decisions by giving reasons in the context of
professional life and business.

 Vocabulario ad hoc situaciones laborales, negocios

 Verbos regulares e irregulares
 Conectores de causa y efecto; contraste.
 Presente Simple, Pasado Simple; Futuro Simple; Futuro GOING TO

Fecha Hora Unidad Ponderación para la nota final

Jueves 12 noviembre 10:00 am Test Unidad 2 15%

 An effect is
A cause is why what happens
something
happens
Cause Effect (in a story)

Her shoe lace was untied SO She tripped and dropped the
tray

unit3vocabulary
o Cause and Effect relationships follow a logical timeline.
o You need to determine what happens first, in order to identify the cause

She did exercise weight / She lost weight

unit2vocabulary
o Cause and Effect follow a logical timeline.
o You need to determine what happens first.

H e h a d a t o o t h a c h e / H e w e n t t o t h e d e n ti s t

Subject Predicate
Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a predicate. The
subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about, while the predicate tells
something about the subject.
o Cause and Effect follow a logical timeline.
o You need to determine what happen first.

Students’ high absenteeism / failing grades

a phrase is a group of two or more words functioning as a

meaningful unit within a sentence or clause
 Look at these two statements about a business. One is a cause, and one in an effect.
Which is which?

The company Quality Effect

Cause
modernized improved.
operations.
We can connect these two statements like this:
Cause Effect
These
connectors The company modernized operations, so / and / as a result quality improved.
work when
connecting
a cause and
Effect Cause
effect with
VERBS
Quality improved because the company modernized operations.

No comma!
Comma!
causeandeffect
o Cause and Effect follow a logical timeline.
o You need to determine what happen first.

She did exercise weight so/ and/ as a result she lost weight
She lost weight because she did exercise

unit2vocabulary
o Cause and Effect follow a logical timeline.
o You need to determine what happen first.

Students’ high absenteeism / failing grades

unit2vocabulary
I can connect a cause and an effect that doesn’t include a verb using linking verbs:

Other verbs and verb phrases with a similar meaning:

lead to – result in – be responsible for

Other verbs and verb phrases with a similar meaning:

be caused by

causeandeffect
OR I can connect a cause and an effect that doesn’t include a verb using phrases of
cause:

Other verbs and verb phrases with a similar meaning:

because of – as a result of

causeandeffect
 CAUSE + EFFECT (SENTENCES)
SO Demand for motorcycles rose, so companies increased production.
AND Demand for motorcycles rose and companies increased production
AS A RESULT Demand for motorcycles rose, as a result companies increased production.
EFFECT + CAUSE (SENTENCES)
BECAUSE Companies increased production because demand for motorcycles rose.
EFFECT (Phrase) + CAUSE (SENTENCE)
DUE TO Due to high demand for motorcycles, companies increased production.
BECAUSE OF Because of high demand for motorcycle, companies increased production.
AS A RESULT OF

Causeandeffect Connectors
 CAUSE (Phrase) + EFFECT (Phrase)
LEAD TO
RESULT IN High demand for motorcycles led to increased production.
BE RESPONSIBLE FOR
COME FROM
EFFECT (Phrase) + CAUSE (Phrase)

COME FROM Increased production came from a high demand

BE CAUSED BY Increased productions was caused by a high demand.

o When you use a linking verb you have to follow verb tense rules.

High demand for a product leads to an increased production.

High demand for motorcycles led to an increased production.

Causeandeffect Linking verbs

Listen to a brief history of the American motorcycle industry.
Number these events in the correct order. (B2 T22)

anindustryhistory
Listen again and fill in the blanks. (B2 T22)

anindustryhistory
Connect these statements about Beats, the famous loudspeaker maker, in the same way.
1 2 3 4
The X1 model sold Profits rose Beats built up a new Production increased
really well bigger factory

10 5
All the employees Beats found problems
received a bonus with quality control

9 8 7 6
Beats earned record Sales increased Beats improved The demand for the
profits sharply quality control X1 fell

e.g. The X1 model sold really well SO profits rose…. causeandeffect

 Thanks!
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