HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

• a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of

water, which disrupts the natural flow of water. They can be used to
divert, disrupt or completely stop the flow.
RESERVOIR
• Can retain excess water from periods of high flow for use during
periods of drought
• Distribution reservoirs- provided for water supply system; permit
water treatment or pumping plants to operate at uniform rate and
provide water from storage when demand exceeds this rate
• Farm ponds – conserve intermittent flow from creeks for useful
purposes
• Main function: stabilize flow of water either by regulating a supply
or satisfying a demand
RESERVOIR
• Man-made or natural
• Dams are constructed across rivers or enclosing an area filled with
water
• Depending on purpose of reservoir, operators fill a completed
reservoir with water, let water flow on through the dam and
downstream, or leave reservoir site empty until needed
• Two types:
• Impoundment (On-stream)
• Off-stream
RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
• Reservoir – provide water storage
• Dry – store water temporarily, usually during high flow river events
• Wet – store water year round for purposes including drinking water

• Dam – keep water in the reservoir designed to take advantage of

the landscape’s ability to hold water
Dams in the Philippines
• Agusan • Ipo
• Ambuklao • La Mesa
• Angat • Laiban
• Aragon • Lumot
• Binga • Magat
• Buhisan • Molino
• Bustos • Pantabangan
• Caliraya • San Roque
• Casecnan • Wawa
Purpose of a Dam
Dams are built for the following purposes:
• Irrigation and drinking water
• Power supply
• Navigation
• Flood control
 TYPES OF DAMS
• Gravity Dam
Self-weight resist the force
exerted on it; made of concrete
Must consist of mass so heavy
that water in reservoir cannot
push dam downstream or tip it
over
Thicker at base and thin near
surface of reservoir
Particularly used on narrow
openings between hills with very
steep side slope
Ex. Wawa dam, Ipo dam
 TYPES OF DAMS
• Earthen Dam
Made of locally available materials,
such as soils, gravels, etc.
Slopes are flatter than concrete
gravity dams; close to natural slope
of pile of rocks
Ex. Pantabangan Dam
 TYPES OF DAMS
• Rockfill Dam
Use variable sizes of boulders
and rocks to provide stability
and an impervious membrane
to provide water tightness
Ex. San Roque Dam
 TYPES OF DAMS
• Arch Dam
Constructed in form of an arch
supported on abutment
Suitable for V-shaped valley
Ex. Hoover Dam (US)
 TYPES OF DAMS
• Buttress Dam
Consists of a number of
buttresses or piers dividing the
space into number of spans
Buttress – solid walls constructed
parallel to water flow with
specified thickness at regular
intervals; transmitting water
pressure from
Ex. Roselend Dam (South-
Eastern France)