APPLICATIONS OF

HEALTH
INFORMATICS
A.CLINICAL PRACTICE
A. Clinical Practice
Electronic Health Record
 The transition to the electronic health record (EHR) has brought
forth a rapid cultural shift in the world of medicine, presenting both
new challenges as well as opportunities for improving health care.
As clinicians work to adapt to the changes imposed by the EHR,
identification of best practices around the clinically excellent use of
the EHR is needed
Electronic Health Record

 Use of the electronic health record (EHR) during clinical encounters is now a
standard part of contemporary medical practice. The EHR—like other medical
technologies—is designed to optimize the efficiency and quality of health care
delivery, and ultimately—one hopes—improve patient outcomes. However, as
anyone who has ever used or seen his/her health care provider use the EHR during a
clinic visit knows that use of the EHR in a way that preserves or enhances clinical
excellence is challenging. The Johns Hopkins Miller-Coulson Academy of Clinical
Excellence (MCACE) has previously identified the following domains of clinical
excellence: communication and interpersonal skills, diagnostic acumen, skillful
negotiation of the health care system,scholarly approach to clinical practice,
professionalism and humanism, )knowledge, and passion for clinical medicine . To
identify best practices around the clinically excellent use of the EHR, the authors
conducted a literature review of the MCACE domains and the EHR.
A.Clinical Practice
Telemedicine
 The concept of telemedicine started with the birth
of telecommunications technology, the means of sending
information over a distance in the form of electromagnetic signals.
Early forms of telecommunications technology included the
telegraph, radio, and telephone. In the late 19th century, the radio
and telephone were just starting to emerge as viable communication
technologies. Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876
and Heinrich Rudolf Hertz performed the first radio transmission in
1887.
 But it wasn’t until the early 20th century that the general population started
to these technologies, and imagine they could be applied to the field of
medicine. In 1925, a cover illustration of the Science and Invention
magazine featured an odd invention by Dr. Hugo Gernsback, called the
“teledactyl.” The imagined tool would use spindly robot fingers and radio
technology to examine a patient from afar, and show the doctor a video feed
of the patient. While this invention never got past the concept stage, it
predicted the popular telemedicine definition we think of today – a remote
video consult between doctor and patient.
Telemedicine
 Originally, health professionals developed this technology to reach remote
patients living in the rural areas. But with time, medical staff and the U.S.
government saw the big picture – the potential to reach urban populations
with healthcare shortages, and to respond to medical emergencies by
sharing medical consults and patient health records without delay. In the
1960s, heavy investments from the U.S. Government, including the Public
Health Department, NASA, Department of Defense, and the Health and
Human Sciences Department drove research and innovation in
telemedicine. Sending cardiac rhythms during emergencies started at about
this time. For instance, in Miami, the university medical center worked
together with the fire rescue department by sending electro-cardiac rhythm
signals over the voice radio channels from the rescue sites.
 Telemedicine was originally created as a way to treat patients who
were located in remote places, far away from local health facilities
or in areas of with shortages of medical professionals. While
telemedicine is still used today to address these problems, it’s
increasingly becoming a tool for convenient medical care. Today’s
connected patient wants to waste less time in the waiting room at the
doctor, and get immediate care for minor but urgent conditions when
they need it.
A.Clinical Practice
E-health
 E-Health activities are becoming commonplace within today’s society and have
the potential to transform the health care delivery system in the United States.
Diffusion of technology continues to increase within the health care community
with little guidance for physicians, their patients, technology developers, and
policymakers. This paper attempts to provide some insight for these stakeholders about the current
landscape of e-Health activities by reviewing recent
developments, extent of usage, challenges, and benefits; recommend policies
and guidelines for incorporating e-Health into health care in ways that support
improving quality, safety, efficiency, efficacy, and access; and offer a framework
for ongoing discussions, analysis, and review of the impact of e-Health
activities on medical practice.
E-health

 E-health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, clinical

practice, public health, and business, referring to health services and information
delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies.Interestingly,
a follow-up study of published definitions on e-Health identified 51 unique
definitions for the term and provided the following observations: The 51 unique
definitions that we retrieved showed a wide range of themes, but no clear
consensus about the meaning of the term e-Health. We identified 2 universal
themes (health and technology) and 6 less general (commerce, activities,
stakeholders, outcomes, place, and perspectives).
 e-Health is defined as the following categories of activities that current, although
limited, studies suggest are an alternative means to improving access and quality
of care:
 1.) Telemedicine activities, defined in their initial phase of development as
remote monitoring and now more generally known as e-Visits, include secure
messaging between patients and their physicians to further preventive, acute, or
chronic care or to effect or improve care coordination. E-Visits allow the secure
exchange of clinical information, such as text, photographs, and data from
biometric devices, and often involve multiple physicians, with one serving as a
coordinating intermediary
 2.) Patient use of online health-information sources, which may be self-
selected or recommended and vetted by his or her physicians.
 3.)Patient use of an interactive Patient Portal or Personal Health Record
(PHR). These types of applications are relatively new to the care delivery system,
and definitions of their functionality are constantly evolving as knowledge of and
experience with these tools increase. Nonetheless, such applications typically
provide access to patient-oriented views of the physician’s EHR with selected
views of health information retrieved from multiple sources. These consumer-
oriented applications may also support the ability for patients to contact their
physician’s office or clinic via secure e-mail for administrative or non-medical
reasons, and provide links to vetted health information sources.
B.Administration
C. Education
C. Education
E-LEARNING
 Understanding E-learning is simple. E-Learning is learning utilizing electronic
technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.
In most cases, it refers to a course, program or degree delivered completely
online.
 It is interactive that you can also communicate with your teachers, professors or
other students in your class. Sometimes, it is delivered live, where you can
“electronically” raise your hand and interact in real time and sometimes it is a
lecture that has been prerecorded.
 There is always a teacher or professor interacting or communicating with you and
grading your participation, your assignments and your tests.
 Philippines is one of the countries that have switched to e-learning this time of
coronavirus-19 outbreak. While education leaders concede “it’s not ideal”, I think
it is really good for the students. It is an opportunity for students to continue their
learning while at home
E-Learning saves money and time

 With online learning, the learners can access content anywhere and anytime. They
do not need to take time out from their jobs to attend classes. E-learning is also a
cost effective to the venue and materials
E-learning leads to better retention

 Students would rather watch a video or listen to a podcast than read through pages
of a textbook. E-learning tools enable learning designers to make content
interactive. The more engaging the content is, the better the learners remember
information. If they enjoy learning, they can be able to recall and apply the
concepts of work.
E-learning is consistent

 In face-to-face sessions, every instructor has his or her own method of teaching.
Each varies in approach and style and is susceptible to mistakes. You can
eliminate this issues with e-learning. Online learning provides consistent and
standardized training every time. Each learner goes through the same experience
regardless of when and where he or she takes the course.
E-learning is scalable

 Online learning is scalable. You can roll it out to many students. The more
learners take the course, the faster you can write off the expense
 When compared to traditional learning, e-learning may make a little or no
difference in patient outcomes or health professionals’ behaviors, skills or
knowledge. Even if e-learning could be more successful than traditional learning
in particular medical education settings, general claims of it as inherently more
effective than traditional learning may be misleading.
TELECONFERENCING
 Teleconferencing basically means meeting through a telecommunications
medium. It is a generic term for linking people between two or more locations by
electronics. There are at least six types of teleconferencing : audio, audiographic,
computer, video, business television and distance education