Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bernoulli’s Equation
Bernoulli’s Equation
dy
P(x)y q(x )y n , n 0, n 1.
dx
Chapter 2 1
Bernoulli’s Equation
Sometimes it is possible to convert non-linear equation
into a linear equation by change of the dependent variable
Definition
An equation of the form
dy ………………. (1)
P( x) y Q( x) y n
dx
is called a Bernoulli’s differential equation, where n is any real number.
For n = 0 equation (1) becomes linear and for n = 1 equation (1)
becomes separable & linear in y. Now for y 0 eq (1) can be writen as
dy
yn
P ( x ) y1 n Q ( x ) ……………….. (2)
dx
If we let, v y 1 n , then ..…………….. (3)
dv 1 n 1 dy
(1 n) y
dx dx
dv dy
(1 n) y n
dx dx
1 dv dy
y n …………………(4)
1 n dx dx
With the help of eq (3) & (4). Equation (2) can be simplified to the linear eq
1 dv
P ( x )v Q ( x )
1 n dx
dv
(1 n) P ( x )v (1 n)Q( x )
………………..(5)
dx ,
1 n
Solving (5) for v and using v y leads to the solution
,
of eq (1)
Chapter 2
Method
Bernoulli’s Equation
Substitute v y 1 n
dv n dy
(1 n)y .
dx dx
Bernoulli’s Equation First order Linear Differential Equation
Chapter 2 4
dy
P(x )y q(x )y n , n 0, n 1
dx
Chapter 2
Substitute v y 1 n
dv n dy
(1 n)y .
dx dx
We obtained dv
(1 n)P(x )v (1 n)q(x ),
dx
a first orderChapter
linear 2
Differential Equation5
Example.1. (1/2)
dy
y xy 3.
Chapter 2
dv dy dy
(1 3)y 3 2y 3 .
dx dx dx
dy
y 3 y 2 x
dx
1 dv
v x
2 dx
dw
2v 2 x is First order linear DE
dx
Chapter 2 6
(2/2)
dv
e-2x e-2x 2v 2 xe-2x
dx
d
dx
e-2xv 2 xe-2x
e-2xv 2 xe-2x dx
Bernoulli’s Equation
1 1
e-2xv 2 xe-2x e-2x c
2 4
-2x -2x 1 -2x
e v xe e c
2
1
v x ce2x
2
1
y 2 x ce2x
2 is general solution
Chapter 2 7
Example # 2:
Solve:
1
dy xy
xy 2
…………………(6)
dx 1 x 2
Solution:
1 12 dy dv
y
2 dx dx
1
dy dv
Or y 2
2
dx dx
Now eq (6) takes the form
dv x
2 v x
dx 1 x2
dv x x
v …………….(7)
dx 2(1 x 2 ) 2
d 1
1 1
(1 x ) v 2 x(1 x ) 4
2 2
4
……………(9)
dx 4
Integrating eq (9) we get
2 4
3
(1 x )
1
1 C
(1 x ) v
2 4
4 3
4
3
1
(1 x )
2 4
Or v C (1 x 2 ) 4
3
3
1 1
(1 x )
2 4
y 2
C (1 x 2 ) 4
……………….. (10)
Or 3
is the required solution of eq (6)
Example # 3:
dy y
x y2 0 ………………(1)
Solve : dx 2 ln x
Solution: dy y 1 2
y
dx 2 x ln x x
2 dy y1 2 1
y
Or dx 2 x ln x x ………………..(2)
v y 1 ……………….(3)
dy dv
1y 2
dx dx
dy dv ……………….(4)
Or y 2
dx dx
By using (3) & (4), eq (2) can be rewritten as
dv v 1 ……………….(5)
dx 2 x ln x x
Equation 5 is linear eq in v,
1 1
1 ln ln x
exp dx e 2 e ln(ln x )
2
I.F. = ln x
2 x ln x
d ln x
Or dx
(v ln x )
x
……………….(6)
Exercise # 2.5
5,6,8,10,12,13,14,16,17,22,25,27,29
Chapter 2 13