* GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP

*Global Citizenship is the idea of all

people have rights and civic
responsibilities that come with being a
member of the world, with whole world
philosophy and sensibilities, rather than as
a citizen of a particular nation or place
*Global Citizen is someone who identifies
with being part of an emerging world
community and whose actions contribute
to building this community’s values and
practices.
*United Nations Millennium Declaration :
Excerpt on Fundamental Values
1. Freedom
2. Equality
3. Solidarity
4. Tolerance
5.Respect for nature
6. Shared Responsibility
*Acting as
Global
Citizens
*The world citizen was typically an intellectual, who
travelled widely, met and corresponded with
intellectuals in many countries and advanced
cosmopolitan views.

*Since 1945, the global citizen is usually pictured as the

activist on transnational social movements.

*The idea that travelling is an expression of

cosmopolitanism is indeed debatable.

*Mass tourism, there are travels that are seen as means

of promoting international understanding like exchanges
between schoolchildren
*The image of wandering scholar is still part of a
cosmopolitan view of the world of learning.

*In the beginning of the 21stcentury, there was

the development of informal networks and formal
transnational organizations.

*The existence of transnational associations

does not necessarily mean that those
involved are acting as global citizens because in
many cases, they are basically promoting their
own particular concerns.
*Many people around the world are making links
across national frontiers to demonstrate support for
cosmopolitan ideals.

*Transnational organizations like Amnesty

International, Oxfam, and Greenpeace cite
discussions on global citizenship.

*Transnational movements usually involve political

lobbying and protest.
*Sometimes, they encompass more
extreme form of resistance.

*They also depend on volunteers who

offer direct assistance to those who
are suffering from abuse, poverty,
war, among others.
*Global Civil
Society
*The concept of civil society has become central to
social theory since the 1980’swhen dissident
intellectuals in Eastern Europe looked to social
networks initiated from below to provide a sphere of
independence from the state and a basis for
resistance.
*The existence of autonomous social groups and
institutions has been seen as essential to
democratization both in remaining communist
regimes such as China and in other authoritarian
states.
*Democratic theorists have argued that civil society is
essential to liberal democracies as a barrier to an
encroaching state
*Participation in voluntary bodies
provides a political education and
promotes responsible citizenship.
*Hegel and Marx conceptualized civil
society as the sphere defined by the
market economy, and its resulting
individualism and socially divisive effects.
*But most theorists of civil society see it
as distinct from both the state and the
economy.
*Civil society also suggests very informal
links –whether between neighbors or fellow
enthusiasts of a particular hobby.
*The implication of global civil society
must depend on how it is defined and
on the comparative economic and political
power of groups within it.
*Global civil society poses a direct
challenge to states when groups within
one country ignore or oppose official
policies to create links with citizens in
other countries.
*Campaigning for human
rights: Cosmopolitan
principles and
international law
*The basic tenet of cosmopolitanism is
the belief in universal equality and
human rights.
*Transnational organizations supporting
human rights are often cited in
discussion of both global society and
global citizenship.
*Richard Falk discussed how global civil
society promotes a world order based
not on state interests but on the
interests and rights of human beings.
*Amnesty International and regional
human rights bodies typify this move
towards ‘a law of humanity.’
*Amnesty International is probably the
best-known human rights campaigning
organization with a separate international
secretariat and sections in many parts of
the world.
*It is used to exemplify transnational
action to protect individual rights.
*Amnesty has also played a role in
strengthening global civil society.

*It can also be seen as a collective global

citizen.

*Human Rights Watch, which is based in

the USA, is one of those who play
important role in monitoring human rights
worldwide and protesting about abuses.