ONE PORT & TWO PORT

NETWORK

Muhammad Anas 10900

Muhammad Bilal Ahmad 10916
Umar Farooq 10778
Talal Hassan 10760
 Objective
TO UNDERSTAND ABOUT
TERMINALS
PORTS
ONE PORT NETWORK
TWO – PORT NETWORK AND ITS FUNTIONS.

PARAMETERS
Z PARAMETER
Y PARAMETER
H PARAMETER
T PARAMETER(ABCD)(TRANSMISSION)

Problems related to
TWO – PORT NETWORKS
 TERMINALS
All electric cell have two terminals. The first is the
positive terminal and the second is the
negative terminal. The current flows from the
positive terminal, and out through the
negative terminal, the current flow (positive (+)
to negative (-) flow).
I1 I
1

+ +
V1  V
1 R
- -
PORT
In electrical circuit theory, a port is a pair of terminals connecting an
electrical network or circuit to an external circuit, as a point of entry or exit
for electrical energy . It is a pair of terminals which connect the electrical
circuit or network to the external circuit. A port consists of two nodes
(terminals) connected to an outside circuit which meets the port condition
- the currents flowing into the two nodes must be equal and opposite.

The use of ports helps to reduce the complexity of circuit analysis. Many
common electronic devices and circuit blocks, such as transistors,
transformers, electronic filters, and amplifiers, are analyzed in terms of
ports. In multiport network analysis, the circuit is regarded as a "black box"
connected to the outside world through its ports. The ports are points
where input signals are applied or output signals taken.
ONE PORT NETWORK

 A network having only one terminal pair or port is

called one port network.
 One port network can be represented as below.

I1 I
1

+ +
V1  V
1 R
- -
One port network is a two terminal electrical network in
which, current enters through one terminal and leaves
through another terminal. Resistors, inductors and
capacitors are the examples of one port network
because each one has two terminals. One port network
representation is shown in the following figure.

Here, the pair of terminals, 1 & 1’ represents a port. In this

case, we are having only one port since it is a one port
network.
 Two Port Networks

A two – port network is an electrical network with two

separate ports for input and output.
It has two terminal pairs acting as access points. The
current entering one terminal of a pair leaves the other
terminal in the pair.
.The standard configuration of a two port:

I1 I2

+ Input Output +
V Port The Network Port V
_ _
1 2
•A two – port network is an electrical network with two
separate ports for input and output.
•It has two terminal pairs acting as access points
•Such networks are useful in communication, control
system, power systems and electronics
•From the network, we can observe that there are 4
variables that is I1, I2, V1 and V2, in which two are
independent.
•The various term that relate these voltages and currents
are called parameters
 Difference
.
 Z-Parameter
Z – parameter also called as impedance parameter and
the units is ohm (Ω)
Impedance parameters is commonly used in the synthesis
of filters and also useful in the design and analysis of
impedance matching networks and power distribution
networks. The two – port network may be voltage –
driven or current – driven. I1&I2 are independent while
V1&V2 are dependent.
 Z-Parameter
The terminal voltage can be related to the terminal
current as:

In matrix form as:

Z-Parameter
Z-Parameter equivalent circuit
 Example (Z Parameter)
There are two steps
1. Current assign
2. Calculation (Input KVL/ Out put KVL)

Input KVL equation

V1-2I1-4(I1 +I2) = 0
V1= 6I1+4I2 ---------- 1
Now output KVL equation
V2-6I2-4(I1+I2)=0
V2=4I1+10I2 ---------2
 Y-parameter
Y – parameter also called admittance parameter and the
units is Siemens (S).
The “black box” that we want to replace with the Y-
parameter is shown below.
The terminal current can be expressed in term of
terminal voltage as
I1  y11V1  y12V2
I2  y21V1  y22V2
In matrix form:
 Y parameter
The y-parameter that we want to determine
are Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22. The values of the parameters can
be evaluate by setting:
• V1 = 0 (input port short – circuited).
• V2 = 0 (output port short – circuited).
I1  y11V1  y12V2
I2  y21V1  y22V2
 Problem
Question: Find the four-short circuit admittance
parameter for the resistive two-port network shown.
20Ω

I1 10Ω 5Ω I2
+ +

V1 40Ω V2

- -
 Problem
Solution:

In order to find this we have to find

The inverse of impedance matrix is equal to admittance.

1.Current assign and then two current is divided into
two, parallel then using KCL we calculate .
Input KCL. V1-10I1/ - 40(I1+I2) =0
V1= 40I1+40I2+10I1/
 Problem
The equation become more complicated so that why we
use delta conversion by star.
R1= (10×20)/10+20+5= 200/35 = R1=5.7 ohm

R2= (20×5)/35 = 100/35 = R2=2.85 ohm

R3= 50/35 = R3=1.430 ohm

 Problem
5.75Ω 2.85Ω

41.43Ω

V1- 5.71I1- 41.43(I1+I2)

V1= 47.13I1+41.43I2 ------------(1)
At other loop.
 Problem
V2-2.85I2-41.43(I1+I2) =0
V2=41.43I1+44.28I2 --------------(2)
Now we do compassion
Z matrix

ǀzǀ=47.13×44.28-41.432
ǀzǀ= 370.45
[Y]=

[Y]=
 H-parameter

+ I1 I2 +

V1 Linear Network V2

- -

I1 I2

In H-Parameter we have
I1 and V2 ------- independent
V1 and I2 -------- dependent
 H-parameter
So we can say that V1 is the function of following

V1= h11I1+h12v2 -----(1)

I2= h21I1+h22V2 -----(2)
Now we have the matrix form

We represent it like [H]

 H-parameter
H11= =0 (output port short current)

We drive point input impedance.

H11=

H21= =0 (short circuit)

H12= =0 (open circuit)

H22= =0
V1= h11I1+h12v2 -----(1)
I2= h21I1+h22V2 -----(2)
 T (ABCD) PARAMETER
•T – parameter or ABCD – parameter is a another set of
parameters relates the variables at the input port to those
at the output port.
•T – parameter also called transmission parameters
because this parameter are useful in the analysis of
transmission lines because they express sending – end
variables (V1 and I1) in terms of the
receiving – end variables (V2 and -I2).
•The “black box” that we want to replace with T – parameter is
as shown below.

IS I1 I2 IR
++ ++

VS V1 V2 VR

-- --
 ABCD Parameter
Vs=V1
Is=I1
Vr=V2
Ir=-I2
=f

Vs= AVr+BIr
Is=CVr+DIr
• In matrix form is:

•The T – parameter that we want determine

are A, B, C and D where A and D are
dimensionless, B is in ohm (Ω) and C is in
Siemens (S).
•The values can be evaluated by setting
•I2 = 0 (input port open – circuit)
•V2 = 0 (output port short circuit)
Thus
 Network Equations:

Impedance V1 = z11I1 + z12I2

Z parameters
V2 = z21I1 + z22I2

Admittance I1 = y11V1 + y12V2

Hybrid V1 = h11I1 + h12V2
Y parameters H parameters
I2 = y21V1 + y22V2
I2=h I + h22V2
21 1

Transmission V1 = AV2 - BI2

A, B, C, D
parameters I1 = CV2 - DI2
Question
 Answer
The given two port network is the combination of two
ports network, and 1st two port network, is the a “T”
network, Its network is NA and 2nd two port networks
is a “‫“ח‬network, Its is NB networks and we require to
find “Z” Parameters of this combination of NA and
NB. So we have larger port network and let say “V”
put voltage of two port network, we mean if V1 is a
potential. Let us say that V2 is voltage and output
voltage of the two port networks, If this terminal is V2
the other terminal. We observe carefully we find
(V1,0,V1,0).Therefore voltage of input port of “T”
network is equal to V1 the voltage of input of ‫ח‬
network is equal to “V1”.
 Answer
Therefore we can say that, the input port of 2
network, are parallel. Now following the same
process, when you trying to find out, type of
connection between the output terminal of two port
network, you will find parallel connection, therefore
we have.
Parallel=Inter parallel of two port network.
We know the fact that
[Y]=[Ya]+[Yb]
Overall network [Z]=find=?
[Za]=
 Answer
Take inverse of “Za”
[Yb]=

[Y]= +

[Y]=

[Y]=

[Z]=
 Summary
A two-port network has an input port and an output port,
each with each port involving a single current and a
Single voltage.
If the two-port network is linear and
does not contain any Independent sources, it may be
possible to characterize to 6 different sets of matrix
relationships. We discussed four: admittance [y],
impedance [z],hybrid [h], and transmission [T]. If the
parameters exist, they can be calculated or measured
individually by short-circuiting or open