PRECIPITATON

REQUIREMENTS ?????????
TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS
PRECIPITATION TITRATION
(Chap 11-christian)
Most precipitation reactions involve the silver
cation, Ag+ because silver precipitations are rapid
and quantitative.

AgNO3, is used for the direct titration of a number of

anions that precipitate as silver salts such as :

all the halides (Cl-, Br-, I- except F–), and other anions such
as SCN–, CNO–, AsO43–, PO43–, CN–, C2O42–, CO32–,
S2–,CrO42–
Argentometric titration
 Detection of End Point in Argentometric
titration

Two types :
1. Indicator reacted with titrant and formed colored compound.
Examples for this reaction that use this type of indicator is the
Mohr Method (for determination of chloride, mainly) and the
Volhard Method (for indirect determination of any anions
reacted with Ag+ in an acidic medium)
2. Indicator get adsorbed onto surface of precipitate thus
changed color at end point (adsorb ability is due to property of
precipitate). Example is the Fajans’ Method (for
determination of any halides) that use indicator fluorescein or
dichlorofluorescein.
 Mohr method
1. Used for the titration of Cl -, Br - and CN – ions.
2. sample should be neutral or the pH in the range
between 6.5-10.3.
3. General titration reaction for halides, X – is:
AgNO3 + X- = AgX(ppt) +
NO3- , Example of Cl- :

AgNO3 + Cl- = AgCl(ppt) + NO3-

4. Indicator used : CrO42-

2Ag+ + CrO42- = Ag2CrO4
yellow reddish brown precipitate
Disadvantage / Limitation of
the Mohr Method
1.2 x 10-12 1.2 x 10 -12

[Ag + ]2 [1.3 x 10-5 ]2

Therefore :

To form the silver chromate Ag2CrO4

(reddish brown) precipitate (at end point)
more silver ions (Ag+) are added and hence a
bigger titration reading is obtained. (slightly
excess volume of titrant added)

To estimate the end point error , a blank

titration is performed by using CaCO3 to act
as AgCl.
CaCO3 (suspension) + dropwise AgNO3  orange tint color
Fajans Method
Volhard Method (indirect method)