VECTOR ALGEBRA-1

CHAPTER -10
Exercise 10.1
 Scalar Quantities
A physical quantity which is completely
specified by the measurement of its magnitude
is a scalar.
The physical quantities like mass, length,
time, temperature, area, volume, speed,
electric charge, work etc., are measured by
their quantity and each has no particular
direction to specify. Such quantities are
scalars.
 Vector Quantities
A physical quantity which is completely described by magnitude
as well as its direction is a vector.
The physical quantities like displacement, velocity,
acceleration, force, weight etc.” are measured by their
quantity (magnitude) as well as their direction in which they
act such quantities are vectors.
Position Vector
 Types of Vectors
 
1 Null Vector Or Zero Vector A vector is a zero vector if
its magnitude is zero and its direction is indeterminate. For
zero-vector initial point and terminal point co­ incide, and
thus direction is indeterminate.
The modulus of the null vector is zero.
The null vector is denoted by (or) (or) (or).
 
2 Unit Vector:
A vector is a unit vector if its magnitude (modulus) is one
unit (unity).
The unit vector in the direction of a vector is denoted by ,
read as 'a cap’. Thus, = 1.
If is a nonzero vector, then is a unit vector in the
direction of . It is denoted by . Thus .
 
Co-Initial Vectors:
Two or more vectors are said to be
co-initial vectors if they have
same initial point.
In the figure, , , , are co-
initial vectors.

Collinear Vectors :
Two or more vectors are said to be
collinear if they are parallel to
the same line, irrespective of
their magnitudes and directions.
Equal Vectors:
Two non-zero vectors are said to be
equal vectors if their directions
are same and their magnitudes are
equal, irrespective of their initial
point and final point.
 
Negative of A Vector:
The vector which has the same magnitude
as the vector but opposite direction
is called the negative of and is
denoted by ‘’.Thus, if , then .
Example 1 Represent graphically a displacement of 40
km, 30° west of south..
Q-1. Represent graphically a displacement of 40 km,
30° east of north.
Example 2 Classify the
following measures as scalars
and vectors. Solution
(i) 5 seconds (i) Time- scalar
(ii) 1000 cm3. (ii) Volume- scalar
(iii) 10 Newton (iii) Force- vector
(iv) 30 km/hr (iv) Speed- scalar
(v) 10 g/cm3. (v) Density- scalar
(vi) 20 m/s towards north (vi) Velocity- vector
Example 3 In Fig 10.5, which of the vectors are: (i)
Collinear (ii) Equal (iii) Co-initial
Q-2. Classify the following SOL-2.
measures as scalars and
vectors. (i) scalar
(i) 10 kg (ii) vector
(ii) 2 meters north-west (iii) scalar
(iii) 40°
(iv) 40 watt (iv) scalar
(v) 10–19 coulomb (v) scalar
(vi) 20 m/ s2 (vi) vector
3. Classify the following as scalar
and vector quantities. SOL-3.
(i) time period (i) scalar
(ii) distance (ii) scalar
(iii) force (iii) vector
(iv) velocity (iv) vector
(v) work done (v) scalar
4. In Fig 10.6 (a square),
identify the following
vectors.
(i) Co-initial
(ii) Equal
(iii) Collinear but not
equal
5. Answer the following as true or false.
 

(i) and – are collinear.

(ii) Two collinear vectors are always Sol-5.
equal in magnitude. (i) True
(iii) Two vectors having same (ii) False
magnitude are collinear. (iii) False
(iv) Two collinear vectors having the (iv) False
same magnitude are equal.