Scales

Deepak Gumber
 Scales

• Scales are used to draw the drawing and scale

used to stated on the drawing.
• Scales can be full, reduced and enlarging
depending upon the drawing to be made.
Representative fraction
Construction of scales
 Types of scales
1. Plain scales
2. Diagonal scales
3. Vernier scales
4. Comparative scales
5. Scales of chords
6. Isometric scales
 Plain scales
• A plain scale represents either two units or a unit and its sub-
divisions.
• A plain scale consists of a line divided into suitable number of
equal parts or units, the first of which is subdivided into small
parts.
 Construction of a plain scale
• Calculate RF if not given
• Calculate length of the scale, L, using the formula L = RF * maximum length. If
the maximum length to be measured is not known, take L=15 to 30 cm.
• Draw a straight line of length L and divide it into a number of equal parts as
required. Each part represent the larger unit.
• Place zero (0) at the end of the first main unit.
• Subdivide the division to be the left of zero (0) into subunits. Number the units
towards right of (0) and the sub-units towards its left.
• Print the names of the units and the sub units below the corresponding length of
scale.
• Mention always the RF or the name of scale with the scale.
 Diagonal scales
• A diagonal scale represents either three units or only one unit
and its sub-divisions upto 2 decimal places.
• A diagonal scale consists of a line divided into suitable number
of equal parts or units, the zero division is again subdivided into
a number of equal parts, the first part of which is subdivided
into smallest part by diagonals.
• Subdivisions of a given short line are obtained by the principle
of diagonal division.