Chapter 1

the problem
and its
background
overview
✗ INTRODUCTION
✗ STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
✗ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
✗ SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

2
1 INTRODUCT
ION
Start broadly
then narrow
down!

4
 General Knowledge
In the first paragraph, briefly describe the broad
research area and then narrow down to your
particular focus. This will help position your
research topic within the broader field, making
the work accessible to a broader audience, not
just to specialists in your field.

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A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks
with Recycled Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam
(Feliciano et al., 2019)

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 General Knowledge

Current Problem/Situation [Literature Review]

Once you've narrowed your focus to the specific topic of your study,
you should thoroughly cover the most recent and most relevant
literature pertaining to your study. Your review of the literature should
be complete, but not overly long—remember, you're not writing a
review article. If you find that your introduction is too long or
overflowing with citations, one possible solution is to cite review
articles, rather than all the individual articles that have already been
summarized in the review.

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A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks with Recycled
Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam (Feliciano et al., 2019)

8
A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks with Recycled
Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam (Feliciano et al., 2019)

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A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks with Recycled
Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam (Feliciano et al., 2019)

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 General Knowledge

Current Problem/Situation
NOTES:

1. Use references that are published within the range of 5 years (2015-2020)

2. Avoid contractions.

3. Try to avoid an overly long introduction. A good target is 500 to 1000

words, although checking the journal's guidelines and past issues will
provide the clearest guidance.

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 General Knowledge

Current Problem/Situation

Research Target
- State your hypothesis or research question
- Briefly describe how you will accomplish your
aims

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A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks with Recycled
Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam (Feliciano et al., 2019)

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 General Knowledge

Current Problem/Situation

Research Target

Justification
The reasons why the researcher has decided to
look for solutions to the problem (Cristobal &
Cristobal, 2017).

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A Comparison: Commercial Hollow Blocks and Hollow Blocks with Recycled
Plastics, Vermiculite, and Polyurethane Foam (Feliciano et al., 2019)

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2 STATEMENT
OF THE
PROBLEM
 Statement of the problem
✗ Two Sections:
1. General/Main Problem:
✗ In this section, the researcher must state
his/her proposed study. What do you want to
describe, explain or predict?
2. Sub-problems:
✗ Leedy (1993) explains that it is viewing the
main problem through smaller or discrete units.
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your
quantitat
ive
research
design
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Quantitative research
designs
1. Descriptive Research
2. Correlational Research
3. Experimental Research

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STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM (DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH)
GENERAL PROBLEM
The general problem of this study is “What is the
effectiveness level of hollow blocks with recycled
plastics, vermiculite, and polyurethane foam?”

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STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM (DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH)
Specific questions that the researchers seek to answer are the following:
1. What is the mix proportion when recycled plastic waste materials and vermiculite
are used as aggregates for concrete hollow blocks?
2. How may the effectiveness level of concrete hollow blocks with recycled plastic
waste materials, vermiculite, and polyurethane foam be described in terms of:
2.1 Strength
2.2 Density
2.3 Thermal Conductivity
2.2.1 Outer Side Wall
2.2.2 Inner Side Wall
3. What implication may be drawn based on the findings of the study?

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STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM (CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH)
GENERAL PROBLEM
The general problem of this study is “How may
effectiveness Faraday fertilizers relate to plant
growth?”

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STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM (correlational
RESEARCH)
Specific questions that the researchers seek to answer are the following:
1. How may the effectiveness of Faraday fertilizer be described in terms
of?
1.1 pH of the soil
1.2 nutrition level of the soil
2. What is the average growth of the plants when Faraday fertilizers are
used?
3. What is the relationship between the effectiveness level of Faraday
fertilizer and plant growth?
4. What implication may be drawn based on the findings of the study?

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
(quasi-experimental RESEARCH)
GENERAL PROBLEM
The general problem of this study is “how may
the commercial hollow blocks and hollow blocks
with recycled plastics, vermiculite, and
polyurethane foam be compared in terms of
durability and thermal conductivity?”
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
(quasi-experimental RESEARCH)
1.What is the mix proportion when recycled plastic waste materials and
vermiculite are used as aggregates for concrete hollow blocks?
2. What are the significant differences between commercial concrete
hollow blocks and concrete hollow blocks with recycled plastic waste
materials, vermiculite, and polyurethane foam in terms of:
2.1 Strength
2.2 Density
2.3 Thermal Conductivity
2.3.1 Outer Side Wall
2.3.2 Inner Side Wall
3. What implication may be drawn based on the findings of the study?
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Significa
nce of 3
the
study

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In this part of research
the researcher defines
who will benefit out of
the findings of the study.
He/She will discuss how
the problem will be
solved and specifically
pinpoints who will
benefit such findings or
results. 27
Introductory paragraph. (State the objective of your
study) and this will benefit the following:

Significant 1. Explain how will the study benefit

the organization, certain group of people etc.
Significant 2.
Significant 3.
Future Researchers.

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Scope
and
delimitati
on
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SCOPE:
Determined by the major
variables of the study.

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delimitatio
n:
Determined by sub-
variables and their
characteristics, attributes
or indicators.

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Thanks
!
Any questions?

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