Quantitative Research Designs

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGNS
M S . D E S I R E E D I M A S U AY
OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

Member, Association of LASSSAI Accredited Superschools (ALAS)
One Group Pre-
test-Post-test

Experimental Research Design
allows the researcher to control the

situation.
supports the ability to limit alternative
explanations.
answers the question: What causes
something to occur? infer direct causal relationships in
the study.
identify cause and effect relationships
provides highest level of evidence for
between variables.
single studies.
distinguish placebo effects from
treatment effects.

Pre-Experimental apply to experimental
designs with the least
Design internal validity.

If we wished to measure the impact of a
natural disaster, such as Hurricane Katrina
Pre-Experimental for example, we might conduct a pre-
experiment by identifying an experimental
Design group from a community that experienced the

hurricane and control group from a similar
community that had not been hit by the
hurricane.

• Controls for both time-related and group-related
threats
True - •
•
Two or more differently treated groups
Random assignment of groups
experimental • Researchers have control over the experimental

treatment and the power to place subjects in groups
Design
• A study of peoples’ perceptions of prejudice. In one portion of this multifaceted study,
all participants were given a pretest to assess their levels of depression. No significant
differences in depression were found between the experimental and control groups
during the pretest.
• Participants in the experimental group were then asked to read an article suggesting
that prejudice against their own racial group is severe and pervasive, while participants
in the control group were asked to read an article suggesting that prejudice against a
racial group other than their own is severe and pervasive. Clearly, these were not
meant to be interventions or treatments to help depression, but were stimuli designed
to elicit changes in people’s depression levels.
• Upon measuring depression scores during the posttest period, the researchers
discovered that those who had received the experimental stimulus (the article citing
prejudice against their same racial group) reported greater depression than those in
the control group.

One Group Pre measures the group two
-test-post-test times before and after the
intervention.
Design
We might be able to study of the impact of
Hurricane Katrina using this design if we’d been
collecting data on the impacted communities prior
One Group Pre to the hurricane. We could then collect similar data
after the hurricane. Applying this design involves a
bit of serendipity and chance. Without having
-test-post-test collected data from impacted communities prior to
the hurricane, we would be unable to employ a
Design one- group pre-/posttest design to study Hurricane

Katrina’s impact.

• The researcher can collect more data, either by scheduling
more observations or finding more existing measures
Quasi - • At least one variable is manipulated to determine the effect
of the manipulation
Experimental • What is the effect of the experimental variable?
Design
TYPES OF QUASI-
E X P E R I M E N TA L D E S I G N
INTERRUPTED TIME SERIES

NON - EQUIVALENT CONTROL
DESIGN
GROUP DESIGN
• employs different measures before • refers to the chance failure of
and after the experimental random assignment to equalize
intervention the conditions by converting a
• assume that the time threats such as true experiment into this kind of
history or maturation appear as design, for purposes of analysis.
regular changes in the measures
prior to intervention.

TYPES OF QUASI-
NON - EQUIVALENT CONTROL

GROUP DESIGN
a researcher might conduct research at two
different agency sites, one of which receives the
intervention and the other does not. No one was
assigned to treatment or comparison groups.
Those groupings existed prior to the study.

TYPES OF QUASI-
Interrupted Time
Series Design

NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEACH
DESIGN
• observes the phenomena as they occur

MAIN PURPOSE: observe, describe
naturally
• no external variables are introduced
and document aspects of a situation
• variables are not deliberately as it naturally occurs and sometimes
• manipulated nor is the setting to serve as a starting point for
controlled hypothesis generation of theory
• researchers collect data without development
making changes or introducing
treatments

TYPES OF
S U RV E Y
DESCRIPTIVE used when the researcher intends to
RESEARCH DESIGN provide a quantitative or numeric
description of trend, attitudes or
opinions of a population by studying a
sample of the population

Decision-making
regarding change of
SURVEY strategies, improving
practices, analyzing
views on choice of
products or market
research

TYPES OF
C O R R E L AT I O N A L
DESCRIPTIVE
A. Bivariate correlational studies
RESEARCH DESIGN • obtain scores from two variables for
each subject then coefficient of
correlation is calculated
• “bivariate”: implies that the two
variables are related

TYPES OF
C O R R E L AT I O N A L
DESCRIPTIVE
B. Prediction studies
RESEARCH DESIGN • use correlation coefficient to show how one
variable (predictor variable) predicts another
variable (the criterion variable)
C.Multiple Regression Prediction Studies
• show other possible predictors for a certain
criterion

EX - POST FACTO
RESEARCH DESIGN
• used to investigate causal relationships

• examine whether one or more existing conditions could
possibly have caused subsequent differences in groups of
subjects

EX - POST FACTO
RESEARCH DESIGN
• For example, a researcher is interested in how weight
influences self-esteem levels in adults. So the
participants would be separated into differing groups
(underweight, normal weight, overweight) and their self
esteem levels measured. This is an ex post facto design
because a pre-existing characteristic (weight) was used
to form the groups.

COMPARATIVE DESIGN
• involves comparing and contrasting two or more

samples of study subjects on one or more variables often
at a single point of time
• used to compare two distinct groups on the basis of
selected attributes

COMPARATIVE DESIGN
• A researcher would want to compare the academic

achievement of students in Section A and Section B

EVALUATIVE
RESEARCH
• seeks to assess or judge in some way providing
information about something other than might be
gleaned in mere observation or investigation of
relationships

EVALUATIVE
RESEARCH
• Evaluates the performance and implementation of an
unfinished program. The initial implementation of the
K-12 program wherein a researcher would monitor how
the program is being conducted.

METHODOLOGICAL
• use of multiple methods in different fields to collect
data


Quantitative Research Designs

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quantitative Research Designs

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

QUANTITATIVE

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

allows the researcher to control the

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

Design group from a community that experienced the

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

experimental • Researchers have control over the experimental

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

Design one- group pre-/posttest design to study Hurricane

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

INTERRUPTED TIME SERIES

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

NON - EQUIVALENT CONTROL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

• observes the phenomena as they occur

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

• used to investigate causal relationships

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

• involves comparing and contrasting two or more

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

• A researcher would want to compare the academic

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

You might also like